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THE  ACTIVITIES  OF  THE 
AMERICAN  SOCIETY  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERS 
DURING  THE  PAST  TWENTY-FIVE  YEARS 


By  Chas.  Warren  Hunt, 

Secretary,  Am.  Soc.  C.  E. 


Return  this  book  on  or  before  the 
Latest  Date  stamped  below. 


University  of  Illinois  Library 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

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ADVANCE  COPY 

AMERICAN  SOCIETY  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERS 

INSTITUTED  1852 


PAPERS  AND  DISCUSSIONS 

This  Society  is  not  responsible  for  any  statement  made  or  opinion  expressed 
in  its  publications. 


THE  ACTIVITIES  OF  THE 
AMERICAN  SOCIETY  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERS 
DURING  THE  PAST  TWENTY-FIVE  YEARS 

By  Chas.  Warren  Hunt,  M.  Am.  Soo.  C.  E. 

Presented  December  5th,  1917. 

In  1897  a ‘‘Historical  Sketch  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  En- 
gineers” by  the  writer  was  published  by  the  Society.  This  was  issued 
in  book  form  only,  and  a limited  number  sold,  the  proceeds  being 
turned  over  to  the  Building  Fund  for  the  Fifty-seventh  Street  House. 
At  the  Washington  Convention,  in  1902  (the  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of 
the  Society),  he  briefly  sketched  the  development  of  the  intervening 
years.  These,  so  far  as  known,  form  the  only  attempt  at  a connected 
account  of  the  activities  of  the  Society. 

During  the  past  quarter  century  many  things  have  happened,  and 
much  has  been  accomplished  of  which  there  is  no  convenient  and 
readily  accessible  record.  It  is  true  that  much  material,  in  a more 
or  less  fragmentary  form,  may  be  found  scattered  through  the  250 
monthly  numbers  of  Transactions  and  Proceedings  published  dur- 
ing that  period,  but,  even  if  they  are  all  accessible  in  bound  form,  more 
. effort  and  time  are  necessary  to  get  at  the  facts  than  the  busy  engineer 
; can  afford. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  growth  has  been  so  rapid  that  only  646 
' (about  7£%)  of  the  present  membership  of  8 544  were  connected  with 
the  Society  at  the  beginning  of  this  period.  It  should  be  remembered 
also  that  the  rate  of  increase  in  membership  has  been  so  much  greater 
during  the  latter  part  of  this  period,  that  5 137  (more  than  65%  of  the 
increase)  have  joined  within  the  last  ten  years. 


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With  full  recognition  of  the  fact  that  statistical  matter  and  figures 
are  more  useful  in  a printed  than  in  a spoken  record,  it  is  intended  to 
place  before  you  this  evening  as  briefly  as  possible  the  things  which 
appear  to  be  most  interesting,  and  of  which  the  membership  in  gen- 
eral has  little  if  any  information. 

Early  History. 

The  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  was  inaugurated  at  a 
meeting  held  in  the  office  of  the  Croton  Aqueduct  Department,  Ro- 
tunda Park,  New  York  City,  on  Friday,  November  5th,  1852.  At  this 
meeting  12  Engineers  were  present.  Alfred  W.  Craven,  Chief  Engineer 
of  the  Croton  Aqueduct,  presided.  The  first  Constitution  (adopted 
December  1st,  1852)  declared  the  object  of  the  Society  to  be: 

“The  professional  improvement  of  its  members,  the  encouragement 
of  social  intercourse  among  men  of  practical  science,  the  advancement 
of  engineering  in  its  several  branches,  and  of  architecture,  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  a central  point  of  reference  and  union  for  its  members.” 

The  circular  issued  at  that  time  stated: 

“Civil,  geological,  mining,  and  mechanical  engineers,  architects, 
and  other  persons  who,  by  profession,  are  interested  in  the  advance- 
ment of  science,  shall  be  eligible  as  members. 

“It  is  anticipated  that  the  union  of  the  three  branches  of  civil  and 
mechanical  engineering  and  architecture  will  be  attended  by  the  hap- 
piest results,  not  with  a view  to  the  fusion  of  the  three  professions  in 
one ; but  as  in  our  country,  from  necessity,  a member  of  one  profession 
is  liable  at  times  to  be  called  upon  to  practice  to  a greater  or  less  extent 
in  the  others,  and  as  the  line  between  them  cannot  be  drawn  with  pre- 
cision, it  behooves  each,  if  possible,  to  be  grounded  in  the  practice  of 
the  others;  and  the  bond  of  union  established  by  membership  in  the 
same  Society,  seeking  the  same  end,  and  by  the  same  means,  will,  it  is 
hoped,  do  much  to  quiet  the  unworthy  jealousies  which  have  tended  to 
diminish  the  usefulness  of  distinct  societies  formed  heretofore  by  the 
several  professions  for  their  individual  benefit.” 

The  first  professional  meeting  was  held  on  January  5th,  1853.  Dur- 
ing 1853  and  1854,  fourteen  meetings,  with  an  average  attendance  of 
six,  were  held,  all  in  the  office  of  the  Croton  Aqueduct  Department. 
There  is  no  record  of  any  meeting  after  that  of  March  2d,  1855,  at  which 
the  question  of  the  securing  of  quarters  was  considered  and  the  Society 
adjourned,  until  October  2d,  1867,  when  a meeting  was  held  at  the  office 
of  C.  W.  Copeland,  171  Broadway,  New  York  City,  at  which  the 


House  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers 


3 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/papersdiscussionOOhunt 


5 


Minutes  of  the  Meeting  of  March  2d,  1855,  were  accepted,  and  the 
object  of  the  meeting  stated  to  be  ‘‘to  take  such  steps  as  might  be 
necessary  to  resuscitate  the  Society.” 

Society  Headquarters. 

The  result  of  this  was  that  the  first  home  of  the  Society  was  in 
rooms  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  Building,  63  William  Street, 
New  York  City,  where  the  First  Annual  Meeting  was  held  on  Novem- 
ber 6th,  1867. 

In  1871  the  quarters  in  William  Street  were  enlarged  by  the  rent- 
ing of  additional  rooms,  and  on  May  1st,  1875,  new  quarters  were 
secured  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Broadway  and  Twenty-third  Street. 

On  May  1st,  1877,  the  Society  moved  into  a house,  No.  104  East 
Twentieth  Street,  which  it  rented. 

In  April,  1881,  a dwelling  house,  No.  127  East  Twenty- third  Street, 
was  purchased,  the  first  meeting  being  held  there  on  May  4th,  1881, 
and  it  is  of  interest  to  note  in  passing  that  one  of  the  Founder  Socie- 
ties— The  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers — came  into  being 
at  a meeting  held  in  that  house  on  May  13th,  1884. 

This  house  was  occupied  until  1896,  when  two  lots,  Nos.  218  and 
220  West  Fifty-seventh  Street,  with  a total  frontage  of  50  ft.,  were 
acquired,  and  building  operations  started  in  December,  1896,  in  charge 
of  a Building  Committee  consisting  of  -George  A.  Just,  Charles 
Sooysmith,  Bernard  R.  Green,  George  H.  Browne,  William  R.  Hutton, 
Joseph  M.  Knap,  T.  C.  Clarke,  and  Chas.  Warren  Hunt. 

The  new  house  was  completed  and  formally  opened  on  November 
24th,  1897. 

Owing  to  the  growth  of  the  Society,  an  additional  25-ft.  lot,  im- 
mediately adjoining  the  Society  House,  was  purchased  in  1904,  and  a 
50%  addition  to  the  house  was  built.  This  addition  was  completed  in 
the  latter  part  of  1905,  and  was  first  used  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of 
January  17th,  1906.  The  Building  Committee  in  charge  of  this  work 
consisted  of  Alfred  Noble,  S.  L.  F.  Deyo,  Nelson  P.  Lewis,  and  Chas. 
Warren  Hunt. 

The  Society  property  then  consisted  of  a plot  of  75  ft.  frontage  on 
Fifty-seventh  Street,  varying  in  depth  from  about  107  ft.  on  the  east,  to 
about  117  ft.  on  the  west.  The  House  was  a 4-story  and  basement,  fire- 
proof structure,  the  two  lower  floors  covering  the  entire  plot,  and  the 
two  upper  floors  only  the  front  portion.  The  first  floor  contained  a 


6 


spacious  foyer  and  three  offices,  one  of  which  was  used  for  the  office 
of  the  Secretary.  There  was  a large  room  in  the  rear  called  a Loung- 
ing Loom,  its  use  being  principally  for  informal  and  social  meetings. 
The  main  stairway  gave  access  to  the  second  floor  on  which  there  were 
in  the  front  a large  Beading  Boom,  and  in  the  rear  an  Auditorium 
with  a seating  capacity  of  500.  The  third  floor  was  devoted  entirely 
to  the  office  force,  and  the  top  floor  to  a double  tier  of  book  stacks 
with  sufficient  capacity  for  about  150  000  volumes,  and  with  space 
for  considerable  enlargement.  The  building  was  a dignified  and 
commodious  one,  and,  having  been  specially  designed  for  the  use  of  the 
Society,  proved  itself  adequate  in  every  way,  and,  with  certain  addi- 
tions which  could  have  been  made  at  any  future  time  for  the  increase 
of  space  available  for  office  and  stack-room  purposes,  undoubtedly 
would  have  been  ample  for  the  use  of  the  Society  for  many  years  to 
come.  The  total  amount  expended  by  the  Society  for  the  lots  and 
building  was,  in  round  numbers,  $360  000. 

In  February,  1903,  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie  offered  to  give  $1000  000 
to  erect  a suitable  union  building  for  the  American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers,  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical 
Engineers,  and  the  Engineers  Club.  This  offer  was  very  carefully 
considered  by  this  Society,  and  submitted  to  a referendum  vote  of 
the  entire  Corporate  Membership,  the  arguments  for  and  against  its 
acceptance  being  set  out  in  an  impartial  manner.  The  result  was  that 
the  membership  decided,  by  a vote  of  1 139  to  662,  not  to  accept  the  offer. 

The  other  organizations  mentioned  accepted.  The  amount  donated 
by  Mr.  Carnegie  was  increased  to  $1 500  000,  the  result  being  the 
Engineering  Societies  Building,  Nos.  29-33  West  39th  Street,  and  the 
Engineers  Club,  32  West  40th  Street.  The  fund  was  divided  as  follows : 
to  the  three  Engineering  Societies,  $1  050  000,  to  the  Engineers  Club, 
$450  000. 

In  1914  the  entire  property  of  the  United  Engineering  Society  con- 
sisting of  a structure  of  thirteen  stories,  built  with  the  funds  provided 
by  Mr.  Carnegie  on  property  purchased  by  the  three  Founder  Societies, 
had  been  cleared  of  debt. 

There  was,  however,  a strong  feeling  among  those  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  activities  of  the  three  Founder  Societies  that  this  build- 


220  West  Fifty-seventh  Street 


7 


9 


ing  could  not  be  considered  a strictly  representative  Professional 
Headquarters  until  it  housed  also  the  oldest  of  the  National  Societies. 

After  several  preliminary  discussions  of  the  matter  by  individuals, 
on  June  9th,  1915,  an  informal  meeting  of  members  of  all  the  National 
Engineering  Societies  interested  in  the  question  of  co-operation  of  the 
various  branches  of  the  Profession  was  held,  and,  as  a result  of  this 
meeting,  the  matter  was  taken  up  by  the  Board  of  Direction  of  this 
Society,  and  Clemens  Herschel,  Robert  Bidgway,  and  Chas.  Warren 
Hunt,  were  appointed  a Committee  to  consider  the  question  of  a pos- 
sible amalgamation  in  an  Engineering  Headquarters.  Charles  E. 
Loweth,  Hunter  McDonald,  George  E.  Swain,  and  John  A.  Ockerson 
were  subsequently  added  to  this  Committee,  and  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tion, under  date  of  February  1st,  1916,  laid  the  whole  matter  before 
the  Corporate  Membership  of  the  Society  for  a referendum  vote.  The 
letter-ballot  on  this  question  was  canvassed  on  June  15th,  1916,  the 
result  being  2 500  in  favor  of  the  acceptance  of  the  offer  of  the  three 
Founder  Societies  to  390  against  it. 

This  offer,  briefly  stated,  was  as  follows : 

That  a three-story  addition  be  made  to  the  Engineering  Societies 
Building  at  a cost  estimated  at  $225  000,  and  not  to  exceed  $250  000. 
That  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  should  pay  for  this  addi- 
tion, if  the  cost  did  not  exceed  the  latter  figure,  but  that  if  that  cost 
exceeded  $250  000  the  additional  expense  should  be  borne  by  the  United 
Engineering  Society.  That  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers 
would  then  become  an  equal  owner  in  the  whole  enlarged  property  on 
the  same  terms  as  each  of  the  three  original  Founder  Societies,  and 
would  occupy  as  much  space  as  it  might  need  on  two  of  the  additional 
floors. 

Immediately  afterward  the  Board  of  Direction  accepted  in  due  form 
the  invitation  of  the  Founder  Societies  in  behalf  of  the  Society,  and 
Clemens  Herschel,.  J.  V.  Davies,  and  Chas.  Warren  Hunt,  were  ap- 
pointed a Committee  with  power  to  carry  out  the  agreement. 

This  agreement  was  ratified  at  a meeting  of  the  United  Engineering 
Society  on  August  10th,  1916.  Work  was  begun  on  the  necessary  pre- 
liminary structural  work  on  August  1st,  1916,  under  the  supervision 
of  a Building  Committee  consisting  of  one  representative  from  each  of 
the  Founder  Societies  as  follows:  H.  H.  Barnes,  Jr.,  E.  Gybbon  Spils- 
bury,  Chas.  F.  Band,  and  Chas.  Warren  Hunt. 


10 


Owing  to  the  general  conditions  of  labor  and  material,  the  cost  of 
the  addition  to  the  building,  which  it  was  thought  in  1915  was  amply 
provided  for,  with  all  contingencies  taken  care  of,  in  the  estimate  of 
$225  000,  was  found  to  be  at  least  $50  000  in  excess  of  the  limiting 
figure,  or  $300  000.  This  additional  cost  has  been  borne  equally  by  the 
four  Founder  Societies. 

The  total  share  of  this  Society,  therefore,  has  been  $262  500,  which, 
together  with  certain  additional  expenses  in  fitting  up  the  new  quarters, 
cost  of  new  furniture,  and  moving,  will  bring  the  total  expense  of  our 
change  of  headquarters  to  approximately  $280  000. 

The  addition,  as  before  stated,  consists  of  three  stories.  The  four- 
teenth floor  will  be  used  as  a stack-room  for  the  United  Engineering 
Library,  headroom  for  a double  tier  of  stacks  having  been  provided.  A 
report  of  the  writer  to  the  Board  describes  our  new  quarters,  as  follows : 

“The  lay-out  of  the  floors  to  be  occupied  by  this  Society  was  made 
by  the  writer  with  a view  to  utilizing  every  available  foot  of  space  and 
to  secure  good  light.  This  was  the  more  necessary  inasmuch  as  the 
floor  area  of  these  two  floors  is  much  less  than  that  of  the  lower  floors. 

“Briefly,  the  Society  will  occupy  the  entire  15th  floor,  and  about 
two-thirds  of  the  16th  or  top  floor.  In  all  there  are  eleven  main  rooms. 
On  the  15th  floor  there  are : 

. “(1)  The  office  of  the  Secretary,  entrance  to  which  is  at  the  right 
of  the  elevators. 

“(2)  The  Reading  Room,  directly  opposite  the  elevator,  the  en- 
trance to  which  will  be  the  main  entrance  to  the  Society  Rooms.  This 
room  is  51  by  26  ft.  and  looks  out  over  Bryant  Park  to  the  north.  It 
is  panelled  in  oak,  and  when  used  by  our  members,  in  connection  with 
the  Library,  will,  it  is  believed,  practically  take  the  place  of  the  old 
Reading  Room  in  Fifty-seventh  Street. 

“(3)  The  Board  Room.  This  room,  which  is  43  by  24  ft.  is  on  the 
south  side  of  the  building,  directly  opposite  the  Reading  Room,  a 6-ft. 
hallway  separating  them.  This  room  is  panelled  in  mahogany,  and  the 
furniture  for  it,  which  has  been  specially  designed,  is  also  of  mahogany, 
and  consists  of  4 tables  and  30  chairs.  The  tables  are  designed  so  that 
they  can  be  placed  together  making  a table  24  by  6 ft.,  or  can  be  sepa- 
rated and  used  as  units  6 by  6 ft.;  and,  when  necessary,  can  be  made 
into  tables  6 by  3 ft.  to  set  against  the  wall  and  take  up  very  little  room. 
In  the  partitions  between  these  rooms  and  the  hallway,  two  8-ft.  open- 
ings, opposite  each  other,  with  sliding  doors,  have  been  arranged,  so 
that  the  two  rooms  can  be  thrown  together,  practically  forming  one 
large  room  averaging  57  by  47  ft. 


11 


Engineering  Societies  Building 
33  West  Thirty-ninth  Street 


13 


“(4)  General  Office.  A large  room  covering  the  east  side  of  the 
building,  59  by  37  ft.  Here  will  be  located  the  general  office  force.  A 
service  stairway,  which  will  practically  be  a private  stairs  for  this 
Society,  gives  access  to  the  16th  floor,  where,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
building,  there  are  four  small  offices,  one  of  which  (5)  is  to  be  used  as 
a Rest  Room  for  women;  (6)  for  the  Bookkeeper;  (7)  Editorial  De- 
partment; (8)  Applications  Department.  Three  other  large  rooms  are 
available  for  Committee  Rooms,  or  whatever  use  may  develop  in  the 
future.  They  are  (9)  24  by  20  ft.,  (10)  22  by  24  ft.,  (11)  36  by  23  ft. — 
these  figures  being  approximate. 

“A  doorway  in  the  hall  separates  that  part  of  the  16th  floor  to  be 
used  by  the  Society  from  three  rooms  which  are  available  for  renting 
by  the  United  Engineering  Society,  and  to  which  access  is  obtained 
through  the  elevator  and  hallway  without  passing  through  the  quarters 
of  the  Society.” 

Library. 

Immediately  after  the  foundation  of  the  Society,  on  January  5th, 
1853,  a circular  was  ordered  to  be  forwarded  to  “All  men  in  charge  of 
public  works,  asking  for  printed  reports,  maps,  plans,  etc.,  in  order  to 
start  an  Engineering  Library  in  connection  with  the  Society.”  There 
is  no  record  as  to  the  response  to  this  circular,  but,  naturally,  very 
little  in  the  way  of  a Library  could  be  secured  until  some  place  was 
provided  in  which  the  books  could  be  cared  for,  and  it  was  not  until 
headquarters  were  first  established,  in  1867,  that  the  Library  really  had 
a start.  After  that  its  growth  was  quite  rapid,  when  one  considers  that 
practically  no  books  were  purchased,  the  accessions  being  entirely  the 
result  of  donations.  Several  large  additions  were  received  in  the  suc- 
ceeding years  notably,  in  1872,  one  from  William  Young  Arthur, 
M.  Am.  Soc.  C.  E.,  and  in  1873  one  from  William  J.  Me  Alpine,  Past- 
President,  Am.  Soc.  C.  E. 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  Direction  for  1873  gave  the  total 
contents  of  the  Library  as  3 433. 

In  1873  a special  committee  was  appointed,  under  the  following 
resolution : 

“Whereas,  the  foundation  of  a library  and  museum,  which  contains 
within  itself  all  accessible  published  matter  relating  to  the  history, 
theory  and  practice  of  engineering,  the  construction  and  management 
of  public  improvements,  and  the  methods  and  cost  of  manufacturing 
operations,  with  illustrations  by  models  and  samples  of  the  results 
thereby  obtained,  must  he  invaluable,  not  only  to  the  profession,  but 


14 


Chief  . 
Office  Asst. 


15 


16 


to  all  who  are  interested  in  the  pursuit  or  the  application  of  practical 
knowledge, 

“Resolved,  that  a Committee,  consisting  of  the  President  and  nine 
other  members  to  be  named  by  him,  with  power  to  fill  vacancies,  be 
appointed  to  devise  a plan  whereby  such  a library  and  museum  may  be 
founded;  the  funds  obtained  for  its  collection,  management,  increase 
and  maintenance;  a suitable  place  secured,  where  it  and  other  posses- 
sions of  the  Society  may  be  preserved  and  its  advantages  enjoyed  by 
members  and  others  connected  therewith,  irrespective  of  their  location; 
* * 

This  Committee  did  not  make  a report  until  1875,  and  it  seems 
worth  while  to  quote  its  principal  recommendations,  which,  it  is  sub- 
mitted, are  wonderfully  comprehensive,  and  cover  the  ground  as  thor- 
oughly as  if  they  had  been  written  to-day. 

“The  library  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  should 
contain  the  literature  of  rational  and  applied  science,  constructive  art 
and  technology;  all  that  has  been,  or  may  from  time  to  time  be  pub- 
lished, relating  to  the  history  and  prosecution  of  engineering;  the  maps 
and  profiles  of  every  canal  and  railroad,  their  complete  reports,  and 
those  of  municipal  and  state  departments;  descriptions  of  private  and 
miscellaneous  works ; statistics  of  the  material  resources  and  develop- 
ment, the  wealth,  manufactures  and  commerce  of  countries;  standard 
works  of  reference  in  science  and  art,  and  lack  nothing  published  any- 
where, in  our  own  or  other  tongue,  that  in  a library  may  aid  the  student 
or  accomplished  engineer  seeking  professional  knowledge.  * * * 

* * * Much  professional  knowledge  recorded  in  the  several  technical 

journals  of  the  day,  is  almost  inaccessible  to  the  busy  members  of  a pro- 
fession which  allows  but  little  time  or  opportunity  for  exhaustive  read- 
ing. Complete  treatises  on  theoretical  or  practical  subjects,  frequently 
published  and  full  of  matter  valuable  to  engineers,  are  neither  pur- 
chased or  read  by  them.  These,  as  issued,  should  form  a part  of  the 
library,  and  its  advantages  be  placed  at  the  command  of  all  connected 
therewith,  wherever  they  may  happen  to  reside,  so  that  at  their  request, 
complete  examinations  on  specified  topics  can  be  made,  pertinent  ex- 
tracts copied,  and  proper  references  given. 

“The  plan  here  outlined  involves  the  preparation  of  concise  ab- 
stracts of  new  works,  reports,  scientific  and  technical  journals,  pro- 
ceedings of  societies,  and  other  publications,  as  received;  the  whole  to 
be  classified  and  indexed,  that  a busy  man  may  quickly  learn,  without 
the  trouble  and  expense  of  looking  over  the  vast  amount  of  matter  now 
published,  to  determine  for  himself,  whether  there  has  recently  ap- 
peared in  print  anything  referring  to  a particular  subject.  A serial 
index  of  current  engineering  and  technical  literature  as  thus  described, 
can  be  comprised  within  a few  pages  issued  weekly  or  monthly,  and 


17 


would  largely  facilitate  the  dissemination  of  professional  knowledge 
‘among  men  of  practical  science*. 

“A  skillful  librarian,  who  knows  what  the  library  contains,  and 
where  it  is  to  be  found,  can  at  the  mere  cost  of  the  time  spent,  make 
exhaustive  researches  on  a topic,  for  members,  quicker  and  with  greater 
thoroughness  than  they  themselves  can  do  it.  Any  one  who  has  con- 
sulted large  libraries  knows  that,  generally,  more  time  is  spent  in  learn- 
ing how  and  where  to  look,  than  in  the  work  at  hand.*’ 

In  1885,  a strong  effort  was  made  to  form  a library  for  the  joint  use 
of  the  Civil,  Mechanical,  Mining,  and  Electrical  Societies,  and  a com- 
mittee was  appointed  by  this  Society  to  confer  with  similar  committees 
from  the  other  Societies ; but,  nearly  three  years  later,  the  Chairman  re- 
ported that  no  satisfactory  progress  had  been  made  in  the  matter,  and 
no  further  action  was  taken. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  twenty-five  year  period  under  consideration 
the  Library  had,  all  told,  about  16  000  accessions,  and  five  years  later, 
when  it  was  moved  to  the  Fifty-seventh  Street  House,  it  contained  ap- 
proximately 22  000,  among  them  being  many  old  and  rare  volumes. 
Up  to  October  1st,  1916,  when  the  Library  was  turned  over  to  the 
United  Engineering  Society,  the  average  yearly  growth  was  8 000,  and 
the  total  number  of  accessions  had  increased  to  more  than  89  000. 
More  than  67  000  of  these  were  not  duplicated  in  the  combined  libraries 
of  the  Mining,  Mechanical,  and  Electrical  Societies,  and  these  were 
turned  over  to  the  United  Engineering  Society  in  October,  1916.  In 
addition,  the  book-stacks-  which  had  been  erected  in  the  Eifty-seventh 
Street  House,  and  provided  for  additions  to  our  library  for  many  years, 
were  donated  to  the  United  Engineering  Society.  They  have  been 
taken  down,  and  are  now  being  erected  in  the  new  “Stack  Room”  on 
the  14th  floor  of  our  new  home. 

The  remaining  22  000  volumes  have  been  presented  to  the  Cleveland 
Association  of  Members.  The  collection  is  to  be  kept  intact,  and  is  now 
temporarily  in  the  custody  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library. 

In  the  Eifty-seventh  Street  House  provision  had  been  made  for 
a commodious,  up-to-date  Stack  Room,  and,  immediately  upon  moving 
in,  a thorough  re-classification  and  indexing  of  the  Library  was  under- 
taken. The  Library  at  that  time  was  in  an  exceedingly  chaotic  state. 
Ho  systematic  index  for  it  had  ever  been  made,  and  it  was  a problem 
how  it  should  be  made  efficient  and  available  for  the  use  of  Engineers. 
The  task  fell  upon  the  writer,  and  he  made  every  effort  to  find  out  just 


18 


what  had  been  done  up  to  that  date  in  the  classification  and  cataloguing 
of  an  Engineering  Library,  by  inquiry  from  available  sources.  A 
composite  picture  of  the  replies  received  would  have  read  somewhat 
like  this:  “We  use  such  and  such  a system,  and  we  advise  you 
not  to.”  Under  this  condition  he  was  thrown  entirely  on  his  own  re- 
sources, and  the  classification  which  has  been  in  use  for  20  years  (it  is 
still  used  so  far  as  our  books,  which  have  been  transferred  to  the  United 
Engineering  Library,  are  concerned),  was  worked  out. 

In  such  a pioneer  effort  by  one  who,  up  to  that  time,  had  a very 
limited  knowledge  of  Library  work,  it  is  not  surprising  that  there  were 
many  imperfections.  On  the  other  hand,  it  was  put  together  from  the 
standpoint  of  an  Engineer,  and  experience  has  shown  that  it  has  been 
a most  efficient  tool.  This  classification  was  used,  not  only  to  arrange 
books  on  the  shelves,  but  also  to  arrange  cards  in  the  Catalogue.  Many 
of  the  classes  were  very  large,  and  were  not  sub-divided  closely,  and 
therefore  the  “Class  Catalogue”  was  supplemented  by  a “Subject  Cata- 
logue” in  which  the  cards  were  arranged  alphabetically  by  subject. 
At  least  one  card  was  written  for  every  book  in  the  Class  Catalogue, 
and  as  many  additional  cards  were  placed  in  either  the  Class  or  Sub- 
ject Catalogue  as  was  necessary  to  cover  its  contents  fully.  All  books 
were  very  carefully  analyzed,  cards  being  written  for  any  sections  or 
chapters  which  would  be  of  special  interest,  which  necessitated  in  some 
cases  as  many  as  40  or  50  cards  for  one  book.  In  addition  to  the  two 
Catalogues  described,  there  was  also  an  “Author  Catalogue”  in  which 
at  least  one  card  was  filed  for  every  book  in  the  Library. 

In  1900  the  Classified  Catalogue  was  printed  and  issued  in  a volume 
to  all  members.  This  book  contained  700  pages,  and  covered  about 
32  000  titles.  Its  issue  stimulated  the  growth  of  the  Library  to  such  an 
extent  that  two  years  later  a second  volume  of  293  pages  was  issued, 
bringing  it  up  to  date. 

During  the  years  in  which  this  classification  was  in  use  much  ex- 
perience was  gained,  and  toward  the  latter  part  of  that  period  an  im- 
proved and  extended  classification  was  worked  out  by  two  members  of 
the  Library  Staff,  Miss  Eleanor  H.  Erick,  and  Miss  Esther  Raymond, 
on  their  own  initiative,  and  largely  in  their  own  time.*  Though  this 
classification  is  based  on  the  general  ideas  of  the  writer,  full  credit  for 
the  work  belongs  to  the  Librarians  mentioned.  It  is  believed  that  the 

* The  two  classifications  are  given  in  Appendices  A and  B. 


19 


publication  of  these  two  classifications  will  be  of  considerable  use,  not 
only  to  Technical  Libraries,  but  to  members  of  the  Profession.  As  an 
instance  of  such  use,  it  may  be  stated  that  the  Committee  of  the  Engi- 
neering Council  charged  with  tabulating  the  members  of  the  Society 
available  for  special  work  in  connection  with  the  War,  used  this  classifi- 
cation in  making  up  the  various  headings  under  which  the  members 
of  this  Society  should  be  indexed. 

In  1896,  the  writer  in  the  “History”  previously  referred  to,  speaking 
of  the  Library,  said: 

“While  it  is  not  possible  now  to  bring  its  use  within  the  reach  of 
members  residing  at  a distance,  it  is  hoped  and  believed  that  after  the 
new  house  is  completed  arrangements  can  be  made  by  which  non- 
resident members  may  be  able  to  secure  data  on  any  special  points  at 
small  expense.” 

As  soon  as  possible  after  the  cataloguing  had  been  completed,  he 
took  up  the  matter,  and  in  1902  was  authorized  by  the  Board  to  make 
searches  in  the  Library,  upon  request,  and  to  charge  therefor  the  actual 
cost  to  the  Society  of  the  work  required.  About  1 000  such  searches  and 
bibliographies  have  been  gotten  out,  and  there  is  abundant  evidence  of 
the  appreciation  of  our  non-resident  membership. 

A number  of’ years  after  this  system  was  started,  the  Library  of  the 
United  Engineering  Society  established  its  Service  Bureau,  which  has 
been  very  successful;  and,  as  our  Library  now  forms  part  of  the  con- 
solidation, our  members  will  have  the  benefit  of  that  service. 

Local  Associations. 

The  question  of  the  formation  of  Local  Associations  of  Members 
in  the  various  centers  of  population  was  considered  in  a general  and 
informal  way  several  times  prior  to  1905.  It  was  discussed  at  the 
Cleveland  Convention  in  that  year,  following  a report  from  the  Sec- 
retary stating  that  a circular  note  had  been  forwarded  to  at  least  three 
Members  in  each  of  the  following  cities:  Albany,  Boston,  Cleveland, 
Chicago,  Detroit,  Kansas  City,  Mexico,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia, 
Pittsburgh,  St.  Louis,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  San  Francisco,  and 
Washington,  setting  forth  the  advantages  of  such  Associations,  both 
locally  and  to  the  Society  as  a whole,  recommending  their  formation, 
and  enclosing  a draft  of  a proposed  Constitution  suitable  for  adop- 
tion. The  Secretary  reported  that  considerable  interest  had  been 


20 


aroused,  and  that  two  Local  Associations  had  been  formed,  one  at 
Kansas  City,  ’Mo.,  and  one  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  that  meetings 
had  been  held  at  Washington,  Cleveland,  Pittsburgh,  Boston,  St. 
Louis,  and  Philadelphia,  and  that  a report  from  the  three 
Chicago  Members  had  also  been  received.  The  reports  from  Wash- 
ington, Cleveland,  and  Pittsburgh,  were  non-committal.  In  Boston 
it  was  the  unanimous  opinion  of  those  consulted  that  it  would  be  very 
difficult  to  arouse  sufficient  enthusiasm;  in  St.  Louis  a meeting  of  23 
Members  adopted  a resolution  to  the  effect  that  it  was  not  desirable 
at  that  time  to  have  such  an  organization  in  that  city.  In  Philadelphia 
a letter-ballot  was  taken  resulting  in  a vote  of  42  to  14  against  the 
proposition,  and  the  Committee  in  Chicago  was  strongly  against  it. 

The  general  idea  of  the  organization  of  Local  Associations  of  the 
Society,  suggested  by  the  Board  of  Direction,  was  approved  by  the 
Convention. 

The  writer  remembers  well  what  a hard  struggle  it  was  to  overcome 
the  many  objections  raised,  the  principal  one  being  the  fear  that  such 
Associations  would  injure  local  societies  and  clubs  already  established; 
but  time  has  accomplished  what  then  seemed  impossible,  and  we  now 
have  Local  Associations  in  each  of  the  cities  named  except  Albany, 
Boston,  Mexico,  Pittsburgh,  and  Kansas  City.  In  the  last  named  the 
first  association  was  formed,  but  it  was  not  successful.  In  addition 
there  are  13  others,  a total  of  21.  It  is  undoubtedly  a fact  that  these 
Associations  add  strength  to  the  Society  as  a whole,  and  are  of  great 
local  benefit.  Since  the  above  was  written,  the  writer  has  been  informed 
unofficially  of  the  formation  of  an  Association  in  Pittsburgh. 

An  important  meeting  of  the  presidents  of  all  the  Local  Associa- 
tions was  held  at  the  Society  House  on  January  19th,  1915,  at  which 
many  matters  of  vital  interest  to  the  Society  were  discussed. 

Membership. 

Twenty-five  years  ago  the  total  membership  of  the  Society  was 
1 609 ; at  the  present  writing  it  is  8 544,  a net  increase  for  that  period 
of  6 935,  the  average  yearly  net  increase  having  been  277.  It  should 
be  noted  that  this  increase  has  been  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  require- 
ments have  been  raised  during  the  period.  The  writer’s  opinion  is  that 
it  is  also  due  to  this  fact. 


21 


Finances. 

As  nearly  as  can  be  determined,  the  .cash  value  of  the  property  of 
the  Society,  at  the  beginning  of  the  twenty-five  year  period  under  con- 
sideration, was  $60  000.  In  a statement  issued  by  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tion in  May,  1895,  when  the  building  of  the  Fifty-seventh  Street  House 
was  first  contemplated,  the  available  assets  of  the  Society  were  given 
as  follows: 

House,  127  East  23d  Street  (estimate).  .$60  000 


Mortgage  16  000  $44  000 

Securities  in  safe  deposit,  par  value 16  000 

Cash,  awaiting  permanent  investment 4 500 

Amount  available $64  500 


At  the  present  time  a similar  statement  would  read  about  as  follows : 

Society  House,  220  West  57th  Street, 

cost  $360  000 

Less  Mortgage 150  000  $210  000 


New  39th  Street  Quarters,  cost  to  the 

Society  267  500 

Securities  in  safe  deposit 10  000 


$487  500 

The  assets  of  the  Society  on  the  basis  of  this  statement  have  in- 
creased during  the  past  quarter  century  about  $425  000.  This,  how- 
ever, is  very  conservative,  inasmuch  as  in  the  above  figures  the  cost 
of  the  Fifty-seventh  Street  property  is  used,  whereas  in  the  statement 
of  1895  the  value  of  the  Twenty-third  Street  house  was  estimated,  and 
largely  in  excess  of  the  price  paid  for  it ; in  addition  to  this,  the  value 
of  the  Society’s  one-fourth  interest  in  the  Thirty-ninth  Street  property 
• is  at  least  $250  000  more  than  the  cost  given.  It  would  be  more  nearly 
correct,  therefore,  to  say  that  the  increase  of  property  assets  during 
this  period  has  been  $700  000. 


22 


Meetings. 

During  the  past  twenty-five  years  about  500  regular  meetings  of 
the  Society  have  been  held.  Nearly  all  of  these  have  been  for  the  pur- 
pose of  presenting  and  discussing  professional  papers  and  topics,  and 
there  have  been  20  or  30  extra  or  special  meetings,  and  about  50  meet- 
ings which  are  spoken  of  in  the  Constitution  as  for  “social”  purposes. 
There  were  also  a number  of  special  meetings  of  the  Juniors  of  the 
Society. 

Among  the  most  notable  events,  the  following  might  be  mentioned : 

The  formal  opening  of  the  Fifty-seventh  Street  HouSe  on  November 
24th,  1897  was  held  in  the  afternoon.  The  President,  Benjamin  M. 
Harrod,  of  New  Orleans,  La.,  presided.  The  ceremonies  were  opened 
with  a dedicatory  prayer  by  the  Bt.  Rev.  Henry  C.  Potter,  and 
addresses  were  made  by  Gen.  W.  P.  Craighill,  Past-President,  J.  G. 
Schurman,  LL.D.,  President  of  Cornell  University,  and  the  Hon. 
Joseph  H.  Choate. 

On  September  16th,  1904,  a reception  was  given  to  the  members 
of  The  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers  of  Great  Britain,  who  were  visit- 
ing this  country  by  invitation  of  the  Society. 

On  November  30th,  1910,  at  the  home  of  the  Society,  the  John 
Fritz  Medal  was  awarded  to  the  late  Alfred  Noble,  Past-President, 
Am.  Soc.  C.  E. 

On  June  3d,  1912,  the  Society  tendered  a reception  to  the  Twelfth 
International  Navigation  Congress,  and  on  September  5th  of  the  same 
year  to  the  members  of  the  Sixth  Congress  of  the  International  Asso- 
ciation for  Testing  Materials. 

From  1903  to  1910  all  the  meetings  of  the  John  Fritz  Medal  Board 
of  Award  were  held  in  the  Society  House,  and  on  many  occasions  meet- 
ings of  other  societies  and  associations  were  held  there  by  special  per- 
mission of  the  Board  of  Direction. 

Amendments  to  the  Constitution.* 

A revised  Constitution  was  adopted  on  March  4th,  1891,  the  prin- 
cipal changes  being  the  provision  for  two  new  grades  of  membership. 
The  class  of  Associate  Member  was  created,  so  that  it  would  be  prac- 
ticable to  raise  the  qualifications  for  the  highest  grade,  and  to  take 

* All  the  amendments,  with  a brief  statement  of  their  purport  and  the  vote  by 
which  they  were  adopted  or  rejected,  will  be  found  in  Appendix  C. 


23 


care  adequately  of  a certain  class  of  engineers  not  eligible  for  the 
grade  of  Member,  as  well  as  to  provide  at  the  proper  time  a method  for 
advancement  to  Corporate  Membership  of  those  in  the  old  Junior  grade 
who  were  deserving  of  such  advancement.  The  requirements  for  the 
grade  of  Junior  were  lowered  so  as  to  bring  them  within  the  reach  of 
all  young  men  who  at  the  beginning  of  their  careers  wished  to  be  con- 
nected with  this  Society.  Provision  was  also  made  for  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  Vice-Presidents  and  for  the  enlargement  of  the  Board 
of  Direction,  so  as  to  make  it  more  truly  representative.  The  respec- 
tive terms  of  office  were  lengthened,  and  it  was  stipulated  that  mem- 
bers of  the  Board  should  not  be  eligible  for  immediate  re-election,  thus 
securing  rotation  in  office. 

The  Report  of  a Committee  on  Revision  of  the  Constitution,  under 
date  of  November  5th,  1890,  signed  by  W.  P.  Shinn,  Mendes  Cohen, 
F.  Collingwood,  and  S.  Whinery,  states  in  part: 

'“It  was  upon  the  question  of  the  duties,  position  and  standing  of 
the  Secretary  that  the  greatest  diversity  of  views  was  found  to  exist. 
A large  number  of  members  have  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Society,  like  the  secretary  of  an  ordinary  business  cor- 
poration, should  be  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Direction,  but  those  who 
so  think  forget  or  ignore  the  fact  that,  unlike  the  ordinary  business 
corporation,  the  offices  of  President  and  Vice-President  in  this  Society 
are  of  an  honorary  nature.  The  homes  of  these  officers  are  most  fre- 
quently in  parts  of  the  country  remote  from  the  Society’s  place  of 
business,  and  it  may  often  occur  that  they  can  perform  but  few  of  the 
executive  duties.  In  fact  the  Society  does  not  contemplate  that  the 
men  whom  it  honors  with  such  positions  shall  drop  their  professional 
duties  to  attend  to  Society  work,  and  it  certainly  does  not  propose  to 
pay  them  for  doing  so.  The  executive  duties  must,  however,  be  per- 
formed by  some  one,  and  at  all  times.  The  Committee  has,  therefore, 
distinctly  named  the  Secretary,  under  the  President  and  Board  of 
Direction,  the  executive  officer  of  the  Society. 

“If  we  stop  for  a moment  to  consider  the  important  duties  to  be 
performed  by  such  officer,  often  of  a delicate  and  confidential  char- 
acter, it  will  be  seen  that  he  should  have  a voice  in  the  deliberations  of 
the  Board;  for  he  is  the  source  of  all  information,  and  to  him  must  be 
referred  the  detailed  investigation  of  every  question. 

“It  is  necessary,  too,  that  the  office  should  be  filled  by  a person 
capable  of  representing  the  Society  favorably,  and  deciding  properly  in 
the  matters  constantly  arising  in  the  intervals  between  the  meetings 
of  the  Board;  and  this  can  only  be  well  done  by  a professional  man,  of 
business  experience  and  standing.  Such  a man  cannot  be  easily 


24 


secured  for  any  sum  which  the  Society  can  at  present  afford  to  pay; 
nor  would  such  a man  be  willing  to  sever  himself  entirely  from  the 
field  of  professional  engagement.” 

Up  to  1894  the  office  of  Secretary  had  been  filled  by  a general  vote 
of  the  membership,  but  in  that  year  an  amendment  was  carried 
placing  the  election  of  the  Secretary  in  the  hands  of  the  Board  of 
Direction,  but  otherwise  not  changing  his  status.  The  vote  on  this 
amendment  was  191  to  6.  In  1895  an  amendment  was  carried  which 
divided  the  territory  occupied  by  the  Society  into  7 Geographical  Dis- 
tricts and  provided  for  representation  of  each  of  these  Districts  on 
the  Board  of  Direction.  The  vote  on  this  ballot  was  273  to  12. 

The  revised  Constitution  adopted  in  1891  provided  for  the  election 
of  all  members  by  a letter-ballot  of  all  Corporate  Members,  7 negative 
votes  excluding.  It  also  provided  that  the  Board,  upon  receipt  of  eight 
requests  for  reconsideration  of  the  ballot  in  the  case  of  any  rejected 
candidate,  was  empowered  to  order  another  ballot  to  be  taken.  On  this 
“Reconsideration”  negative  ballots  to  the  number  of  10%  of  the  votes 
cast  were  necessary  for  exclusion. 

The  small  number  of  negative  ballots  necessary  for  exclusion  on 
the  first  ballot  caused  trouble  by  the  exclusion  of  well-qualified  appli- 
cants; the  reconsideration  ballot  also  proved  unsatisfactory,  for  the 
reason  that  the  number  of  ballots  necessary  for  exclusion  was  dependent 
on  an  unknown  quantity.  Under  it,  a candidate  might  be  excluded 
with  only  15  negative  ballots,  and  another  might  be  admitted  with  40 
or  more  negative  ballots.  In  fact,  such  cases  as  these  actually  occurred. 

In  1903,  the  number  of  negative  ballots  required  for  exclusion  on 
the  first  ballot  was  increased  from  7 to  20.  Even  this  proved  unsatis- 
factory, and  in  1908  the  Constitution  was  amended  by  transferring  the 
election  of  members  of  all  grades  from  the  membership  at  large  to  the 
Board  of  Direction.  The  vote  on  this  amendment  was  892  to  317. 

In  1915  in  order  to  provide  for  a more  general  representation  on  the 
Board  of  Direction,  the  territory  occupied  by  the  Society  was  divided 
into  13,  instead  of  7,  Districts,  each  to  be  represented  on  the  Board  of 
Direction,  the  vote  on  this  question  being  1 066  to  83. 

A number  of  amendments  to  the  Constitution  have  been  proposed 
and  rejected.  Among  the  most  important  of  these  was  one,  submitted 
in  March,  1907,  increasing  certain  of  the  adrpission  requirements,  par- 
ticularly for  the  grade  of  Member.  This  was  lost  by  a vote  of  429  to  847 


25 


In  1914  an  amendment  was  offered  which  would  have  changed  the 
status  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Society  by  excluding  him  from  mem- 
bership on  the  Board  of  Direction.  This  amendment  was  lost  by  a vote 
of  1 343  to  1 828. 


Engineering  Congresses. 

Three  International  Engineering  Congresses  in  which  the  Society 
was  active,  have  been  held  in  the  United  States.  The  first  was  held  in 
1893  in  connection  with  the  World’s  Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago. 
This  Society  took  charge  of  Division  “A”,  Civil  Engineering,  the  work 
of  which  was  described  at  the  joint  meeting  of  all  divisions,  August  5th, 
1893,  as  follows: 

“Six  sessions  have  been  held,  and  the  work  accomplished  can  be  best 
shown  by  the  following  statement:  Sixty-three  papers  in  all  were  pre- 
sented. Of  these  fifty  had  been  printed  and  distributed  for  discussion, 
and  covered  about  1 200  pages  of  printed  matter,  with  numerous  plates 
and  cuts. 

“The  subjects  treated  may  be  classified  under  the  following  heads: 

“Common  Roads;  Railways,  Terminal  Systems,  Signaling,  Loco- 
motives, etc.;  Cable  Railways;  Bridges,  Substructure  and  Superstruc- 
ture; Canals;  Foundations;  Surveys  and  Surveying  Instruments; 
Metals — Their  Treatment  for  Substructural  Purposes;  Grain  Ele- 
vators; Paving  Brick;  Carbon — Its  Use  in  Electrical  Engineering; 
Electric  Light  Plant;  Hoisting  Machinery;  Inland  Transportation; 
Navigation  Works;  Improvement  of  Rivers;  Improvement  of  Harbors; 
The  Plant  of  Commercial  Ports;  The  Laying  Out  of  Cities;  Water 
Works;  Sewers  and  Sewerage;  Tunnels,  and  The  Testing  of  Building 
Material. 

“Twelve  countries  are  represented  in  the  authorship  of  these  papers, 
as  follows: 


Germany  furnished.  . 

. .20 

Canada  

...  3 

Mexico 

..  6 

Italy  

..  . 1 

Portugal  

..  5 

Australia  

...  1 

England  

..  3 

United  States 

..  .18 

Holland 

..  2 

— 

France  

..  2 

Making  a total  of.., 

. . .63 

South  America ........  2 

“The  work  of  translation  of  papers  presented  in  foreign  languages 
has  been  done  in  every  instance  by  volunteers  from  the  membership 
of  the  Society,  by  gentlemen  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  subject 
under  consideration. 


26 


“The  interest  manifested  in  the  papers  presented  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  318  engineers  registered  during  the  session  of  this  Divi- 
sion, and  the  average  attendance  at  each  session  was  about  125. 

“The  discussions  have  taken  a wide  range,  and,  on  account  of  the 
limited  time,  have  been  entirely  confined  to  those  presented  orally. 
Many  interesting  and  valuable  written  discussions  were  received, 
which  it  was  entirely  impossible  to  present  at  the  sessions,  but  which 
will  be  published  in  connection  with  the  papers. 

“The  number  of  valuable  additions  to  the  literature  on  the  sub- 
jects mentioned  is  so  great  that  it  is  impossible  in  this  summary  to  do 
them  all  justice,  and  it  is  thought  best  not  to  attempt  it. 

“It  may,  however,  be  asserted  that  the  results  of  the  sessions  of 
this  Division  of  the  Congress  will  be  far-reaching  and  productive  of 
great  benefit  to  the  profession  of  Civil  Engineering  all  over  the  world.” 

The  second  International  Engineering  Congress  was  held  in  con- 
nection with  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in 
October,  1904. 

In  1903  this  Society  was  invited  by  the  Directors  of  the  Louisiana 
Purchase  Exposition  to  undertake  the  arrangements  for  an  Interna- 
tional Engineering  Congress.  Our  Board  of  Direction  appointed  a 
Committee,  and  this  Committee  invited  the  co-operation  of  the  other 
National  Engineering  Societies,  but,  for  some  reason  which  was  never 
explained,  they  did  not  entertain  the  proposition  favorably.  Inasmuch 
as  the  inauguration  and  conduct  of  the  proposed  Congress  had  been 
placed  upon  this  Society  by  the  management  of  the  Exposition,  the 
4 Board  determined,  on  January  4th,  1904,  that  the  Society  should  under- 
take it  alone,  assuming  the  entire  cost. 

At  that  date  nothing,  even  of  a preliminary  nature,  had  been  done, 
and  the  organization,  the  securing,  editing,  and  publishing  of  papers 
and  discussions,  as  well  as  arrangements  for  meetings,  devolved  entirely 
upon  the  writer  and  his  staff. 

The  first  paper  was  received  on  March  29th,  1904,  and  between 
that  date  and  October  1st,  1904, . 83  papers  were  edited,  printed,  and 
circulated  in  advance,  many  discussions  being  received.  The  work  of 
translating  many  of  these  foreign  papers  was  undertaken  by  volunteers 
from  the  membership  of  the  Society. 

The  Congress  was  held  from  October  3d  to  8th,  1904.  Its  activities 
were  divided  into  eight  sections,  28  meetings  were  held,  the  average 
attendance  at  each  being  50.  In  the  discussion  of  the  38  selected  sub- 


27 


jects,  97  formal  papers,  written  by  prominent  specialists  by  invitation, 
were  presented.  In  addition,  78  communications  from  engineers  unable 
to  be  present  were  read,  and  there  were  272  oral  discussions  at  the 
Sectional  meetings. 

The  proceedings  were  published  subsequently  in  six  extra  volumes  of 
Transactions,  every  member  of  the  Society  receiving  copies  of  these 
volumes  free  of  charge.  The  total  edition  was  4 000,  and,  in  addition, 
separate  pamphlets  covering  each  of  the  subjects  were  printed,  a total 
of  43  575  separate  pieces  being  handled. 

From  foreign  sources  46  out  of  a total  of  96  papers,  and  91  out  of 
a total  of  302  discussions,  were  furnished. 

The  attendance  at  the  Congress  was:  from  the  United  States  724; 
Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico  17;  South  America  10;  Europe  (13 
countries)  111;  Asia  10;  Australia  4,  a total  of  876. 

The  total  cost  was  $38  500,  of  which  about  $5  000  was  received  from 
subscription  and  sales  of  publications,  the  total  net  cost  met  by  the 
Society  being  about  $33  500. 

The  third  International  Engineering  Congress  in  which  the  Society 
participated  was  held  in  connection  with  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposi- 
tion, in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  September  20th-25th,  1915. 

The  plan  of  management  of  this  Congress  and  the  method  of  financ- 
ing it,  both  of  which  were  suggested  by  the  writer,  were  as  follows: 

The  original  financial  plan  was  that  the  cost  should  be  underwritten 


as  follows: 

(1)  By  a general  subscription  from  engineers  re- 

siding in  the  Pacific  Coast  region $10  000 

(2)  By  the  five  National  Societies,  in  the  follow- 

ing proportion : 

American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers $9  000 

American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers . . 9 000 

American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers.  . 5 000 

American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers ....  5 000 

Society  of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  En- 
gineers   2 000  $30  000 


The  estimated  cost  of  the  Congress  was $40  000 


A General  Committee  of  Management  was  composed  of  the  Presi- 
dent and  Secretary  of  each  of  the  four  Founder  Societies  and  of  the 


28 


Society  of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers,  with  four  addi- 
tional members  from  each  Society  resident  in  San  Francisco. 

The  ten  officers  of  the  Societies  mentioned  formed  a Committee  on 
Participation,  through  which  invitations  to  take  part  were  transmitted 
to  other  Engineering  organizations  both  at  home  and  abroad.  This 
Committee  also  arranged  for  providing  the  funds  necessary  to  carry 
on  the  work. 

The  members  of  the  Committee  resident  in  San  Francisco  formed 
a Committee  of  Management  to  carry  out  the  work  in  detail  on  the 
ground,  W.  F.  Durand  being  Chairman  and  W.  A.  Cattell,  Secretary- 
Treasurer. 

This  Committee  took  charge  of  the  receipt,  editing,  printing,  and 
distribution  of  the  papers  and  discussions,  which  were  finally  issued  in 
13  volumes. 

The  total  cost  of  the  Congress  was  approximately  $77  000.  Of  this 


amount : 

Pacific  Coast  Engineers  contributed $10  413.00 

American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  contributed 7 740.00 

American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  contributed . . 4 300.00 

American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers  contributed.  4 300.00 
American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers  contributed.  4 300.00 
Society  of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers 
contributed 1 720.00 


Total $32  773.00 


The  remainder  of  the  total  expense  was  received  from  membership 
fees,  sale  of  additional  volumes,  etc.,  etc. 

The  Annual  Convention  of  this  Society  was  held  in  San  Francisco 
during  the  week  before  the  Congress,  and  similar  meetings  of  the  other 
Founder  Societies  were  also  held,  thus  assuring  a good  attendance. 
This  was  a somewhat  memorable  occasion,  inasmuch  as  a special  trans- 
continental train  for  the  accommodation  of  the  members  of  all  these 
organizations,  and  other  members  of  the  Congress,  was  arranged  for 
by  the  Joint  Committee  on  Entertainment  and  Transportation  of  which 
the  writer  was  Secretary. 

The  Congress  consisted  of  opening  and  closing  sessions,  and  51 
technical  meetings.  The  total  attendance  was  approximately  800,  and 


29 


there  were  about  50  official  delegates.  Owing  to  the  state  of  war  exist- 
ing in  Europe,  the  foreign  participation  was  much  more  limited  than 
had  been  expected  when  the  Congress  was  originally  undertaken. 

The  product  of  this  Congress  was  not  distributed  gratis  to  any  of 
the  members  of  the  Societies  participating,  as  was  the  case  in  1904. 

Publications. 

The  first  paper  printed  by  the  Society  was  an  Address  delivered  by 
President  James  P.  Kirkwood  directly  after  the  reorganization  of  the 
Society  in  1867. 

The  number  of  Transactions  for  November,  1873,  was  the  first  is- 
sued. The  first  57  papers,  which  were  printed  separately,  make  up 
Volume  1 and  part  of  Volume  2.  Volume  3 begins  with  the  number 
of  Transactions  for  May,  1874,  and  Volume  4 with  that  of  April,  1875. 
Between  that  date  and  1886  the  number  of  pages  published  was  only 
sufficient  to  fill  one  volume  per  annum,  but,  beginning  with  1887,  and 
continuing  until  1892,  two  were  issued  yearly,  the  total  number  of 
volumes  up  to  that  date  being  28.  In  1893  two  extra  volumes  of  Trans- 
actions were  issued  containing  the  product  of  the  Civil  Engineering 
Section  of  the  International  Engineering  Congress. 

Up  to  the  end  of  1895  the  Proceedings  and  Transactions  were  is- 
sued together  in  monthly  numbers,  and,  in  order  to  preserve  them  for 
future  reference,  they  had  to  be  separated  and  bound  in  individual 
volumes. 

The  difficulty  with  this  method  was  that  a paper  intended  to  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  Society  was  not  published  until  it  had  been  read  at  a 
meeting,  and  the  discussion  upon  it,  which  was  limited  to  the  few  who 
attended  the  meeting  or  who  had  received  advance  copies,  had  been 
edited,  printed,  and  collated.  Under  these  conditions  the  membership 
of  the  Society  at  large  never  saw  or  heard  of  any  paper  until  the  dis- 
cussion of  it  was  complete,  which  frequently  was  six  months,  and  in 
some  cases  as  long  as  eighteen  months,  after  the  paper  had  been  re- 
ceived. The  result  of  this  was  that  the  monthly  numbers  of  Transac- 
tions lacked  current  interest,  and  when  received  by  members  frequently 
remained  in  their  wrappers  until  sent  to  the  binder  when  the  entire 
yearly  volume  had  been  received. 


30 


The  writer  well  remembers  that  one  of  the  first  pieces  of  work  as- 
signed to  him  as  Assistant  Secretary,  in  March,  1892,  was  the  getting 
ready  for  publication  of  the  number  of  Transactions  for  September  of 
the  preceding  year. 

In  1892-95  the  issue,  in  addition  to  the  regular  Transactions,  of  a 
Bulletin  in  leaflet  form,  calling  attention  to  current  events  and  giving 
abstracts  of  the  papers  in  advance  of  the  date  at  which  they  were  to  be 
presented,  was  tried.  The  great  difficulty  with  this  was  the  preparation 
of  proper  abstracts.  The  experience  of  the  writer  leads  him  to  the 
belief  that  a technical  abstract,  in  order  to  be  really  good,  must  be  pre- 
pared by  one  who  is  expert  in  the  particular  subject  treated,  and  that, 
even  in  this  case,  he  must  study  the  paper  carefully  and  write  the  ab- 
stract in  his  own  words.  Any  attempt  to  produce  an  abstract  of  a paper 
by  quoting  here  and  there  a paragraph  is  not  productive  of  satisfactory 
results. 

In  January,  1896,  the  publication  of  our  present  monthly  Proceed- 
ings was  begun,  the  technical  matter  contained  in  these  being  subse- 
quently collated  and  published  in  volumes  of  Transactions. 

This  method  was  new  in  Society  publications,  and  has  since  been 
adopted  by  others.  By  it  the  member  is  interested  in  the  receipt  of  his 
monthly  Number,  because  it  contains:  (1)  brief  accounts  of  Society 
business,  including  abstracts  of  minutes  of  Society  Meetings  both  in 
New  York  and  in  the  headquarters  of  Local  Associations,  list  of  addi- 
tions to  the  membership,  announcements  of  future  meetings,  and  other 
items  of  general  interest;  (2)  not  only  the  papers  to  be  presented,  but 
also  the  discussions  upon  them,  which  are  published  serially  until  each 
subject  is  exhausted. 

It  is  a matter  of  pride  that,  during  the  22  years  that  this  publication 
has  been  issued,  it  has  never  failed  to  be  mailed  to  the  membership  on 
the  fourth  Wednesday  of  the  month,  although  at  times  the  issues  have 
contained  as  much  matter  as  an  ordinary  volume,  in  one  case  650  pages. 

In  March,  1899,  the  writer  was  authorized  by  the  Board  to  publish 
in  Proceedings  a list  of  current  engineering  articles  of  interest.  This 
was  started  in  a modest  way,  and  was  evidently  found  useful  by  the 
membership,  because  a request  soon  came  that  it  be  printed  on  one  side 
of  the  page  only,  in  order  that  members  might  cut  out  items 
which  specially  interested  them,  and  use  them  in  their  own  in- 
dexes. This  list,  which  has  been  published  continuously  in  each 


31 


monthly  number  of  the  Proceedings  from  that  date,  is  made  up  from  an 
examination  of  about  115  periodicals.  The  classification  is  very  simple, 
as  the  list  is  intended  to  be  of  current  interest  only,  and  to  enable  an 
engineer  to  glance  over  each  month  the  publications  relating  to  his  par- 
ticular line  of  work,  and  to  select  therefrom  such  articles  as  he  may  read 
either  in  some  convenient  library  or  by  obtaining  them  from  the 
publisher. 

In  order  to  show  briefly  the  quantity  of  material  written,  edited, 
and  published,  the  total  number  of  pages  issued  in  the  Society  publica- 
tions for  the  twenty- five  years  from  1867  to  1892,  was  17  747  (yearly 
average,  710),  and  for  the  twenty-five  years  from  that  time  to  date  has 
been  96  800  (yearly  average,  3 872),  making  the  total  pages  114  547. 
The  cost  of  the  printing,  binding,  and  postage  (nearly  all  the  postage 
being  chargeable  to  publications)  for  the  latter  period  has  been  about 
$724  000  (yearly  average,  $28  960). 

The  actual  handling,  preparation  for  mailing,  and  mailing,  of  all 
these  publications  has  been  done  by  the  Society  force  during  that  period. 

In  1911  the  writer  presented  a Report  to  the  Board  of  Direction, 
and  subsequently  to  the  Business  Meeting  of  the  Annual  Convention 
of  that  year,  suggesting  that  there  would  be  many  advantages  if  a 
change  were  made  in  the  method  of  getting  out  our  publications.  The 
report  stated  that  he  had  investigated  this  possibility  for  some  time  and 
recommended  that  it  be  tried.  Briefly,  the  idea  was  to  continue  the 
publication  of  Proceedings  as  heretofore,  but  to  publish  only  one 
volume  of  Transactions  per  annum,  such  volume  to  contain  as  much 
matter  as  the  four  that  were  issued  at  that  time.  This  was  to  be 
accomplished  by  the  use  of  thin  “India”,  or  as  it  is  commonly  called 
“Bible”,  paper.  Up  to  1908  two  volumes  of  Transactions  had 
been  issued  yearly,  but,  beginning  with  1909,  four  volumes  were 
issued  per  annum.  (In  1910  five  volumes  were  issued.)  These  volumes 
contained  between  550  and  600  pages  each.  The  direct  benefits  were 
fully  stated  in  this  Report.* 

The  recommendation  was  approved  and  the  first  of  these  thin-paper 
volumes  was  issued  in  1912. 

It  may  be  set  down  as  axiomatic  in  Society  work  that  no  matter 
what  may  be  done,  it  will  not  please  the  entire  membership,  and  this 
case  was  no  exception.  So  many  criticisms  were  received,  with  in- 

* Proceedings,  Am.  Soc.  C.  E,,  Vol.  XXXVII,  p.  319. 


quiries  as  to  why  the  Society  had  adopted  the  use  of  “tissue”  paper  in 
its  publications,  etc.,  etc.,  that  in  April,  1914,  a circular  was  issued 
asking  two  questions: 

(a)  “Shall  the  use  of  thin  paper  be  continued  in  the  monthly 
Proceedings ? 

(b)  “Shall  the  use  of  thin  paper  be  continued  in  the  one  yearly 
volume  of  Transactions,  or  shall  the  same  number  of  pages  be  issued  in 
Transactions  on  thick  paper,  in  four  volumes  per  annum”? 

The  result  of  this  was  that  in  a very  large  vote  of  about  3 000,  90% 
of  those  voting  was  in  favor  of  the  use  of  thin  paper  in  the  monthly 
Proceedings,  and  95%  was  in  favor  of  its  use  in  Transactions. 

As  was  foreseen,  the  points  that  appealed  to  the  membership  were 
the  great  saving  to  individuals  in  shelf  room,  in  the  cost  of  binding, 
and  in  economy  in  time  by  the  use  of  one  index  instead  of  four. 

Annual  Conventions. 

An  Annual  Convention  has  been  held  each  year  during  the  last 
twenty-five  years,  except  in  1917,  when  the  Convention  which  was  to 
have  been  held  in  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  was  abandoned  on  account 
of  the  war.  Twenty-one  separate  localities  have  been  visited.  Two  Con- 
ventions were  held  in  Chicago,  two  in  Niagara  Palls,  and  two  in  San 
Francisco.  All  of  them  have  been  exceedingly  enjoyable,  have  brought 
the  members  from  various  sections  into  closer  contact,  and  have 
been  of  material  benefit  to  individuals  and  to  the  Society. 

It  is  perhaps  worthy  of  notice  that  during  this  period  three  of  these 
meetings  have  been  held  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  which  up  to  1896  was 
farther  away  from  headquarters  than  the  Society  had  ever  held  an 
official  meeting,  and  that  four  were  held  on  foreign  soil,  two  in  Canada, 
one  in  England,  and  one  in  Mexico. 

It  would  extend  this  review  too  far  even  to  touch  upon  the  interest- 
ing events  of  these  meetings,  but  perhaps  it  is  permissible  to  call  atten- 
tion to  the  fact  that  the  trip  to  London  was  made  on  the  invitation 
of  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  that  our  meetings  were  held 
in  the  home  of  that  Institution  in  London,  and  that  the  whole  party 
had  the  honor  and  pleasure  of  being  received  by  Queen  Victoria  at 
Windsor  Castle.-  It  might,  perhaps,  also  be  stated  that  the  Mexican 
Convention  was  held  by  invitation  of  President  Diaz.  Members  who 


33 


are  interested  will  find  quite  full  details  of  these  trips  in  the 
Proceedings. 

A special  party  was  made  up  in  March,  1911,  to  visit  the  Panama 
Canal.  This  was  a more  or  less  unofficial  party.  Two  of  the  United 
Fruit  Company’s  steamers  were  chartered  for  the  occasion,  one  sailing 
from  New  York  and  the  other  from  New  Orleans,  meeting  at  the 
Isthmus,  and  the  party  generally  keeping  together  on  the  return.  All 
the  arrangements  were  made  by  the  writer,  who,  unfortunately,  was 
unable  to  go,  due  to  the  pressure  of  other  duties,  but  he  knows  from 
what  he  heard  from  those  who  were  fortunate  enough  to  make  it,  that 
the  trip  was  a specially  enjoyable  one. 

Special  Committees. 

Reference  should  also  be  made  to  the  splendid  work  of  Special 
Committees  appointed  to  investigate  and  report  upon  Engineering 
problems,  twelve  of  which  have  made  Final  Reports  during  the  period 
under  consideration.  The  results  of  their  work  have  been  of  inestimable 
value,  but  all  that  is  possible,  within  the  limits  of  this  review,  is  to 
enumerate  the  subjects  upon  which  such  reports  have  been  received. 

Final  Reports  have  been  published  on  the  following  subjects: 

Impurities  in  Public  Water  Supply;  Standard  Rail  Sections — two 
Committees  reported  on  this,  one  in  1893  and  one  in  1910 — Uniform 
Methods  for  Testing  Materials  Used  in  Metallic  Structures,  and  Require- 
ments for  These  Materials  to  Further  Improve  the  Grade  of  Such 
Structures;  Standard  Time;  Regulating  Practice  of  Engineering; 
Status  of  the  Metric  System  in  the  United  States;  Uniform  Tests  of 
Cement;  Conditions  of  Employment  of,  and  Compensation  of,  Civil 
Engineers ; Concrete  and  Reinforced  Concrete ; Principles  and  Methods 
for  the  Valuation  of  Railroad  Property  and  Other  Public  Utilities; 
and  Floods  and  Flood  Prevention. 

At  the  present  time  six  Special  Committees,  all  of  which  have 
presented  one  or  more  reports  of  progress,  are  investigating  the  follow- 
ing subjects: 

Engineering  Education;  Steel  Columns  and  Struts;  Materials  for 
Road  Construction;  Bearing  Value  of  Soils  for  Foundations;  Regula- 
tion of  Water  Rights;  and  Stresses  in  Railroad  Track. 


34 


Medals  and  Prizes. 

On  October  1st,  1912,  the  Society  established  two  additional  prizes, 
as  follows:  The  J.  James  R.  Croes  Medal,  named  in  honor  of  the  first 
recipient  of  the  Norman  Medal;  and  the  James  Laurie  Prize,  named 
in  honor  of  the  first  President  of  the  Society.  The  first'  consists  of  a 
medal  of  the  value  of  $40,  and  may  be  awarded  annually  to  such  paper 
as  may  be  judged  worthy,  and  be  next  in  order  of  merit  to  the  paper 
to  which  the  Norman  Medal  is  awarded;  the  second  consists  of  $40  in 
cash,  with  an  engraved  certificate  signed  by  the  President  and  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Society.  This  prize  also  may  be  awarded  annually, 
under  the  rules  governing  the  award  of  the  Thomas  Fitch  Rowland 
Prize,  to  such  paper  as  may  be  judged  worthy  and  be  next  in  order 
of  merit  to  the  paper  to  which  the  Thomas  Fitch  Rowland  Prize  is 
awarded. 


In  a recent  issue  of  Engineering  News-Record  the  following  edi- 
torial appears: 

“AND  THEY  ARE  FIGHTING  IN  FRANCE” 

“The  ‘Subsidence  of  Muck  and  Peat  Soils  in  Southern  Louisiana 
and  Florida’  was  the  title  of  a paper  presented  two  weeks  ago  at  the 
meeting  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  three  war  addresses,  equally  peaceful  topics  have  occupied  the 
meetings  since  last  April.  The  fall  program,  so  far  as  announced, 
contains  no  papers  bearing  on  the  tremendous  industrial  and  engi- 
neering problems  which  the  winning  of  the  war  demands  that  we  solve. 
This  is  an  engineering  war,  yet  the  society  seems  not  to  recognize  its 
opportunity.” 

It  is  unfortunate  that  such  an  improper,  unfounded  and  sarcastic 
editorial  insinuation  should  be  made  about  an  organization  whose 
aims  and  objects  are  clearly  unselfish,  in  a commercial  publication  on 
which  the  Profession  in  a large  measure  depends  for  its  technical  news. 

The  time  for  this  attack  upon  the  loyalty  of  this  Society — just  after 
it  has  become  one  of  the  Founder  Societies — leaves  an  impression  of 
malicious  intent. 

Of  late  all  of  us  have  heard  much  of  the  use  of  previously  unheard 
of  methods  of  warfare,  and  the  writer  feels  sure  that  every  right-minded 
member  of  our  Allies  of  the  Mining,  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Societies 
will  unite  with  the  members  of  this  Society  in  condemnation  of  this 
misuse  of  editorial  prerogative. 


35 


It  is  hoped  that  the  following  brief  statement — written  before  the 
appearance  of  this  insult  to  the  Board  of  Direction  and  to  the  Mem- 
bership of  this  Society — will  be  a sufficient  answer. 


War  Activities. 

As  soon  as  war  was  declared,  the  Society  placed  its  facilities  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Government,  and,  both  as  an  individual  organization 
and  jointly  with  the  other  Founder  Societies,  has  done  all  it  has  been 
asked  or  permitted  to  do. 

The  value  of  the  Engineer  has  been  recognized  to  a greater  extent 
than  ever  before,  and  in  the  wonderful  progress  made  in  raising, 
training,  transporting,  and  maintaining  the  new  Army  of  the  United 
States,  as  well  as  in  the  investigation  and  solution  of  new  problems, 
he  has  been  a most  important  factor. 

A Joint  Committee  representing  the  National  Societies,  of  which 
William  Barclay  Parsons,  M.  Am.  Soc.  C.  E.,  was  Chairman,  was 
active  in  securing  the  legislation  which  provided  for  the  Engineer 
Deserve  Corps,  and  Committees  made  up  of  members  of  these  Societies 
have  been  instrumental  in  recruiting  Engineer  Regiments  in  many 
parts  of  the  country. 

In  1915,  in  the  absence  of  President  Marx,  the  writer  was  requested 
by  a Sub-committee  of  the  Naval  Consulting  Board  to  co-operate  with 
it  and  representatives  of  other  National  Societies,  to  formulate  plans 
for  industrial  preparedness.  He  reported  to  the  Board  of  Direction, 
on  January  17th,  1916,  that  a plan  had  been  developed  by  the  Sub-com- 
mittee, acting  in  conjunction  with  the  five  National  Societies  repre- 
senting the  Civil,  Mining,  Mechanical,  Electrical,  and  Chemical  Engi- 
neers, for  securing  complete  statistics  of  the  industrial  strength  of 
the  country.  Under  this  plan,  in  each  State  of  the  Union,  one  repre- 
sentative, recommended  by  each  of  these  Societies,  was  appointed  as 
an  Associate  Member  of  the  Naval  Consulting  Board,  and  the  five 
Engineers  thus  appointed  in  each  State  constituted  a Board  to  secure 
the  necessary  information  for  the  Government  through  the  aid  of  the 
more  than  30  000  members  of  these  organizations.  As  is  well  known, 
this  great  work  was  carried  to  a successful  conclusion. 

In  these  and  in  many  other  ways  the  Society,  and  its  Board  of 
Direction,  has  been  active  in  the  present  emergency. 


36 


Every  member  of  the  Society  must  read  with  pride  our  “Roll  of 
Honor”,  the  first  issue  of  which,*  incomplete  as  it  undoubtedly  is,  con- 
tains the  names  of  575  Engineer  officers  who  are  now  serving  in  the 
Army  and  Navy.  Since  that  list  went  to  press,  148  have  been  added 
to  it,  and  it  is  still  incomplete.  This  means  that  more  than  8£%  of 
the  entire  membership  wears  a uniform.  The  list,  however,  does  not 
contain  the  names  of  hundreds  of  other  members  who  are  serving  their 
country  unobtrusively  but  still  no  less  unselfishly  and  effectively,  on 
Advisory  Boards  or  simply  as  citizens.  The  writer  knows  of  many 
cases  where  at  great  personal  sacrifice  such  work  has  been  and  is  now 
being  done. 

Only  a few  days  ago  a suggestion  was  made  somewhat  timidly  over 
the  telephone  by  J.  W.  DuB.  Gould  (one  of  our  Members  who  is  devot- 
ing his  time  to  the  service  of  the  Government  but  who  is  one  of  those 
mentioned  as  not  listed  on  our  “Roll  of  Honor”)  that  perhaps  the 
Society  might  consider  some  arrangement  by  which  the  United  States 
Food  Administration  could  secure  the  use  of  the  House  we  so 
recently  vacated  in  order  to  carry  on  its  work  in  New  York  City 
and  State.  The  writer  at  once  said  that  he  believed  that  the  Society 
would  be  glad  to  offer  this  House  for  the  use  of  the  Nation,  for  the 
purpose  specified,  free  of  charge. 

It  was  not  possible  to  get  the  Board  together  ; indeed,  in  these  busy 
times,  a meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  is  difficult  to  secure.  By 
telephone,  however,  each  available  member  of  that  Committee  has  given 
his  unqualified  and  enthusiastic  support  to  the  proposition ; the  arrange- 
ment has  been  made,  and  the  U.  S.  Food  Administration  Board  will 
begin  work  at  our  old  home  on  Friday  of  this  week. 

It  is  perhaps  unnecessary  to  state  that  the  head  of  this  most  impor- 
tant Board  is  a Member  of  this  Society — Herbert  C.  Hoover. 

Society  Staff. 

Any  statement  of  the  activities  of  the  Society  would  be  incomplete 
without  special  mention  of  the  staff  of  the  Secretary.  It  is  not  a large 
one.  Before  the  transfer  of  the  Library  the  total  number  (exclusive 
of  Janitors  and  Office  Boys)  was  22;  since  that  time  it  has  been  some- 
what reduced.  T.  J.  McMinn,  M.  Am.  Soc.  C.  E.,  Assistant  Secretary, 
and  Miss  Eleanor  H.  Erick,  Chief  Office  Assistant,  have  served  the 
Society  for  twenty  years,  and  fourteen  others  for  periods  varying  from 

* Proceedings,  Am.  Soc.  C.  E.,  Vol.  XLIII,  p.  698  (November,  1917). 


37 


18  to  3 years,  the  average  length  of  service  of  the  entire  force  being 
more  than  11  years.  The  Society  owes  much  to  the  work  of  its  em- 
ployees, and  the  writer  wishes  to  acknowledge  publicly  the  faithful, 
industrious,  efficient,  and  loyal  service  which  has  been  rendered  to  the 
Society  at  all  times,  as  well  as  to  express  his  personal  obligation  to  each 
of  them. 

Functions  of  a National  Technical  Society. 

The  writer  believes  that  the  primary  functions  of  a National 
Technical  Society  might  be  stated  about  as  follows : 

1 —  To  advance  engineering  knowledge  and  practice. 

2 —  To  maintain  the  dignity  and  standing  of  the  organization,  and 
to  preserve  the  high  character  and  professional  qualifications  of  its 
membership. 

3 —  To  keep  in  touch  with,  and  to  take  proper  action  on,  all  matters 
in  which  the  relation  of  the  Profession  to  the  public  is  involved,  and 
to  render  service  to  the  Nation  when  occasion  demands. 

4 —  To  do  whatever  is  possible  for  its  Members  individually,  and, 
in  general,  to  return  to  them  an  equivalent  for  the  dues  paid. 

The  latter  function  necessarily  takes  the  form  of  providing  oppor- 
tunity for  professional  discussion,  both  formal  and  informal,  which, 
when,  as  is  the  case  in  this  Society,  more  than  80%  of  the  membership 
is  non-resident,  must  be  through  publications. 

The  use  of  the  Library  should  be  brought  as  far  as  possible  within 
the  reach  of  all,  and  all  matters  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  man- 
agement by  correspondence  should  be  handled  promptly  and  efficiently, 
including  the  keeping  of  special  records  of  members  seeking  profes- 
sional engagements  in  order  that  they  may  be  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  inquirers  for  technical  men  in  any  specialty.* 

Perhaps  the  most  difficult  problem  is  to  succeed  in  making  each 
member  feel  that  he  is  getting  as  much  benefit  as  every  other  member. 
The  men  who  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  Society  were  wise  enough 
to  make  a decided  difference  in  the  amount  of  dues  to  be  paid  by  Resi- 
dent and  Non-Resident  Members,  but,  although  the  Resident  Member 
pays  66%  more  than  the  Non-Resident,  the  latter  is  still  inclined  to 
feel  that  those  who  live  near  Headquarters  derive  disproportionate  bene- 
fits, in  that  they  may  attend  all  meetings,  use  the  Reading  Room,  con- 

♦While  the  Society  has  not  advertised  as  an  employment  bureau,  this  plan  has 
been  in  use  for  many  years,  and  hundreds  of  members  have  been  put  in  touch  with 
professional  opportunities. 


38 


suit  the  Library,  and  otherwise  avail  themselves  of  all  local  privileges. 

It  is  not  possible,  of  course,  to  arrange  matters  so  that  the  Non- 
Resident  can  secure  all  these  privileges,  but,  during  the  past  twenty- 
five  years,  every  effort  has  been  made  to  do  away  with  this  feeling. 
How  successful  these  efforts  have  been  must  be  left  to  the  individual 
judgment  of  each  member,  and  it  is  hoped  that  what  has  been  herein 
set  down  will  aid  in  the  formation  of  that  judgment. 

Co-operation. 

Why  did  this  Society  move  its  Headquarters?  It  occupied,  as  has 
been  shown,  a dignified,  satisfactory,  commodious  House,  in  an  excel- 
lent location,  which  was  fully  paid  for;  its  standing  as  an  organization 
left  nothing  to  be  desired ; its  membership  was  increasing  rapidly  in  all 
parts  of  the  country.  Why,  then,  give  up  that  which  had  been  achieved 
by  many  years  of  unremitting  effort? 

It  seems  to  the  writer  that  the  answer  is  that  it  was  the  right  thing 
to  do.  What  if,  as  an  organization,  some  sacrifices  were  made?  What 
if  certain  details  of  the  movement  did  not  appeal  to  certain  individuals  ? 
Was  it,  or  was  it  not,  the  thing  to  do,  from  the  standpoint  of  the  Engi- 
neering Profession?  The  best  answer  to  these  enquiries  appears  to  be 
the  vote  of  the  membership,  which  was  2 500  in  favor  of,  and  only  390 
against  the  change. 

Since  the  inception  of  this  co-operative  movement  the  writer  has 
been  intimately  associated  with  it,  and  in  close  contact  with  the  men 
chosen  by  the  Founder  Societies  to  represent  the  other  branches  of  our 
great  Profession,  and  can  testify  that  the  most  broad-minded,  earnest, 
and  sincere  spirit  of  co-operation  has  been  manifest. 

In  a report  to  the  Board  of  Direction  dated  September  20th,  1915, 
the  writer  said: 

“The  value  of  unity  of  action  in  all  matters  which  affect  the  Pro- 
fession generally  must  be  conceded. 

“For  many  years  the  undersigned  has  been  endeavoring  to  bring 
about  such  a condition;  he  has  served  on  the  John  Fritz  Medal  Board 
of  Award  since  its  organization,  and  as  its  Executive  Officer  for  8 or 
9 years;  and  is  now  its  Chairman;  has,  with  Mr.  Ridgway,  represented 
our  Society  on  a joint  committee  for  the  consideration  of  a number  of 
subjects  * * *.  He  has  actively  represented  the  Society  on  the 

Committee  of  Management  of  the  International  Engineering  Congress, 
and  has  been  honored  by  the  United  Engineering  Society  by  election 
to,  and  is  now  serving  on,  the  Engineering  Foundation  Board. 


39 


“This  experience  has  convinced  him  that  there  should  be  a per- 
manent Board  or  Committee,  composed  of  an  equal  number  of  represen- 
tatives of  the  four  National  Societies,  to  which  the  duty  of  representing 
the  30  000  professional  men  now  enrolled  in  their  membership  should 
be  given.  There  are  many  ways  in  which  such  a representative  body 
could  help  the  status  of  the  engineer,  in  his  relations  with  clients,  em- 
ployers, and  the  public  generally,  which  cannot,  for  obvious  reasons,  be 
taken  up  by  any  one  of  the  Professional  Societies  individually,  and  it 
has  been  his  thought  that  an  organization  now  exists  (the  United  Engi- 
neering Society)  which,  if  the  representatives  of  the  Civil  Engineer  are 
added,  and  its  powers  somewhat  expanded,  would  be  ideal  for  the  pur- 
pose. He  now  believes  that  this  matter  should  be  the  subject  of  dis- 
cussion between  the  Committees  of  this  Society  and  of  the  United  Engi- 
neering Society  and  that  the  result  of  their  deliberation  should  be  made 
part  of  the  question  to  be  submitted  to  all  the  organizations  concerned.” 

Two  years  have  elapsed  since  this  was  written,  and  without  doubt 
the  establishment  of  the  “Engineering  Council”  was  intended  to 
provide  for  this  long  felt  want.  Although,  up  to  the  present  time, 
the  writer  has  seen  no  reason  for  changing  the  opinion  expressed — 
that  the  United  Engineering  Society  is  the  organization  best  fitted  to 
act  on  these  most  vital  matters — it  is  hoped  and  expected  that  the  new 
body  will  prove  its  value. 


The  years  covered  by  this  review  have  been  indeed  busy  ones,  not 
without  times  of  serious  difficulty  and  trial,  but  the  bright  spots  after 
all  have  predominated.  Association  with  the  leaders  of  thought  along 
Engineering  and  Scientific  lines  is  always  broadening  and  helpful,  and 
the  writer  looks  back  with  pleasure  only  on  the  twenty-six  years  de- 
voted to  the  service  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  during 
twenty-three  of  which  he  has  had  the  honor  to  be  its  Executive  Officer 
and  a member  of  its  Board  of  Direction. 


40 


APPENDIX  A 


CLASSIFICATION 
OF  THE  LIBRARY  OF 

THE  AMERICAN  SOCIETY  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERS 
1898-1916 

BY 

Chas.  Warren  Hunt 

Secretary 


A— RAILROADS 

Aa  General 

Ab  Location 

Ac  Construction 

Ad  Equipment 

Ae  Operation 

Af  Legal  Documents 

Ag  Reports.  Company 

Ah  Reports,  State 

Ai  Reports,  Government 

Aj  History 

B— RAILROADS,  STREET 

Ba  General 

Bb  Location 

Be  Construction 

Bd  Equipment 

Be  Operation 

Bf  Legal  Documents 

Bg  Reports,  Company 

Bh  Reports,  City 

Bi  Reports,  State 

Bj  History 

C— WATERWAYS 

Ca  General 

Cb  Rivers 

Cc  Harbors 

Cd  Lakes 

Ce  Oceans 

Cf  Canals 

Cfa  History 

Cfb  Location 

Cfc  Construction 

Cfd  Equipment 

Cfe  Operation 

Cff  Legal  Documents 

Cfg  Reports,  Company 

Cfh  Reports,  State 

Cfi  Reports,  Government 

d-water  supply 

Da  General 

Db  Water 

Dc  Works 

Dd  Power 

De  Irrigation 

E— SANITATION 

Ea  General 

Eb  Drainage 

Ec  Sewerage 

Ed  House  Drainage 

Ee  Sewage  Disposal 

Ef  Garbage  Disposal 

Eg  Health  and  Disease 

Eh  Ventilation  and  Heating 


F— BRIDGES 

Fa  General 

Fb  Arch 

Fc  Cantilever 

Fd  Draw 

Fe  Girder 

Ff  Lift 

Fg  Suspension 

Fh  Truss 

Fi  Viaducts 

G-MECHANICAL 
Ga  General 

Gb  Hydraulic  Machinery 
Gc  Steam  Engines 

Gd  Boilers 

Ge  Compressed  Air 

H-ELECTRIC 
Ha  General 

Hb  Light 

He  Power 

Hd  Telegraph 

He  Telephone 

Hf  Various  Uses 

I— GAS 

la  General 

lb  Coal 

Ic  Natural 

Id  Water 

J-ARCHITECTURE  AND  BUILDING 

.Ta  General 

Jb  Buildings 

Jc  Materials 

Jd  Laws 

Je  Fire  Prevention 

K— MARINE 

Ka  General 

Kb  Yards 

Kc  Ordnance 

Kd  Naval  Ships 

Ke  Merchant  Ships 

Kf  Steam  Boats 

L— MILITARY 

La  General 

Lb  Tactics 

Lc  Fortifications 

Ld  Ordnance 

M— MINING 

Ma  General 

Mb  Coal 

Me  Copper 

Md  Gold  and  Silver 

Me  Iron 


41 


N— ROADS  AND  PAVEMENTS 

Na  General 
Nb  _ Earth 
Nc  Broken  Stone 
Nd  Plank 
Ne  Monolithic 
Nf  Brick 
Nh  Stone  Block 
Ni  Wooden  Block 

O-MUNICIPAL  REPORTS 

P— LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Q— GEOGRAPHY 

Qa  General 

Qb  Physical 

Qc  Statistics 

Qd  Resources 

Qe  Surveys 

Qf  Maps  and  Atlases 

R— SURVEYING  AND  DRAWING 

S — SOCIETY  PUBLICATIONS 
Sa— North  America: 

Sal  Canada 
Sa2  Mexico 
Sa3  United  States 
Sb— South  America: 

Sbl  Argentine  Republic 
Sb4  Chile 
Sbll  Venezuela 

Sc— Central  America 
Sd  —Europe: 

Sdl  Austria 
Sd2  Belgium 
Sd3  Denmark 
Sd4  France 
Sd5  Germany 
Sd6  Great  Britain 
Sd8  Italy 
Sd9  Netherlands 
SdlO  Norway 
Sdll  Portugal 
Sdl3  Russia 
Sdl4  Spain 
Sdl5  Sweden 
Sdl6  Switzerland 
Se— Asia 
Sf— Africa 
Sg— Australia 

T— PERIODICALS 

Ta— North  America: 

Ta2  Mexico 
Ta3  United  States 
Ta4  West  Indies 


Tb— South  America: 

Tbl  Argentine  Republic 
Tb3  Brazil 
Tb5  Colombia 
Tb6  Ecuador 
- ...  Tb9  Peru 
Tbll  Venezuela 
Td— Europe: 

Tdl  Austria 
Td2  Belgium 
Td3  Denmark 
Td4  France 
Td5  Germany 
Td6  Great  Britain 
Td7  Hungary 
Td8  Italy 
Td9  Netherlands 
TdlO  Norway 
Tdl3  Russia 
Tdl4  Spain 
Tdl5  Sweden 
Te— Asia 


Tg— Australia 


U— DICTIONARIES  AND  ENCYCLOPE- 
DIAS 


V— ENGINEERING  HANDBOOKS 


Y-GENERAL  SCIENCE 

Ya  General 

Yb  Agriculture  and  Forestry 

Yc  Astronomy 

Yc5  Biology 

Yc9  Botany 

Yd  Chemistry 

Ye  Education 

Yf  Exhibitions 

Yh  Geology 

Yh9  Mathematics 

Yi  Metallurgy 

Yj  Meteorology 

Yk  Patents 

Yl  Physics 

Ym  Weights  and  Measuies 

Yn  Zoology 


Z MISCELLANEOUS 

Za  General 

Za5  Archaeology 

Zb  Biography 

Zc  Charities  and  Corrections 
Zd  Commerce 

Ze  Fine  Arts 

Zf  Fisheries 

Zg  History 

Zh  Law 

Zi  Manufactures 

Zj  Political  Economy 

Zk  Religion 


42 


APPENDIX  B 


PROPOSED  CLASSIFICATION 

FOR  AN 

ENGINEERING  LIBRARY 
Compiled  by  Eleanor  H.  Frick  and  Esther  Raymond 
of  the  Library  Staff  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers 
Under  Direction  of  the  Secretary 
1916 

Accompanying  “The  Activities  of  the  Amerijan  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers  During  the  Past  Twenty-five  Years”,  by  Chas.  Warren  Hunt, 
M.  Am.  Soc.  C.  E. 


Explanatory 

Civil  Engineering  is  the  only  class  which  has  been  expanded  in 
detail.  Certain  subjects  have,  of  necessity,  been  classed  arbitrarily, 
the  principal  thought  being  utility.  For  instance,  “Water  Wheels” 
are  placed  under  “Water  Power”  rather  than  under  “Hydraulic 
Machinery” — “Locomotives”  under  “Railroads”  rather  than  under 
“Steam  Engines”. 


Acknowledgment 

To  acknowledge  every  source  used  in  compiling  this  classification 
is  not  possible,  because  hundreds  of  books  and  indexes  have  been  exam- 
ined; mention  should,  however,  be  made  of  unpublished  material  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  Classification  of  Technical  Literature;  publications 
of  the  Library  of  Congress,  University  of  Illinois  Extension  of  Dewey, 
and  the  Dewey  Decimal  Classifications.  To  John  M.  Goodell,  and  Henry 
S.  Jacoby,  Associates,  Am.  Soc.  C.  E.,  T.  J.  McMinn,  and  A.  H.  Van 
Cleve,  Members,  Am.  Soc.  C.  E.,  Mr.  H.  E.  Haferkorn,  Librarian,  U.  S. 
Engineer  School,  Washington  Barracks,  and  members  of  the  Special 
Committee  on  Materials  for  Road  Construction,  of  the  American  Society 
of  Civil  Engineers,  special  acknowledgment  is  made. 


43 


CLASSES 


000  GENERAL 

100  CIVIL  ENGINEERING 

200  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING 

300  ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERING 

400  MINING  ENGINEERING 

500  METALLURGY 

600  GAS  ENGINEERING 

700  CHEMICAL  TECHNOLOGY.  MANUFACTURES 
800  MILITARY  AND  NAVAL  SCIENCE 
900  OTHER  SUBJECTS 

DIVISIONS 


000  GENERAL 

010  Engineering  Bibliographies 

020  Engineering  Encyclopedias 

030  Engineering  Dictionaries 

040  Engineering  Directories 

050  Engineering  Societies 

060  Engineering  Periodicals 

070  Patents 

080  Engineering  in  General 

090  Materials  of  Engineering 

100  CIVIL  ENGINEERING 

110  Structural  Engineering.  Bridges. 

Buildings 
120  Surveying 

130  Railroads 

140  Street  Railroads 

150  Highways 

160  Hydrology.  Hydraulics.  Dams 

170  Waterways 

180  Water  Power.  Water-Works.  Ir- 

rigation. Drainage 
190  Sanitation 

200  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING 

210  Power  Transmission.  Millwork 

220  Heat  Engineering 

230  Automobiles 

240  Aeronautics 

250  Hydraulic  Machinery 

260  Machinery  for  Special  Purposes 

270  Machine  Shops 

280  Miscellaneous  Types  of  Power 

300  ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERING 

310  Electric  Measurement 

320  Dynamo-Electric  Machinery 

330  Control 

340  Transmission 

350  Telephone 

360  Telegraph 

370  Lighting 

380  Chemical  Electricity.  Batteries. 

390  Other  Uses 

400  MINING  ENGINEERING 

410  Prospecting.  Mine  Surveying 

420  Excavation  and  Working 

430  Drainage  and  Sanitation 

440  Transportation 

450  Ventilation 

460  Lighting.  Signaling 

470  Electricity  in  Mining 

480  Accidents.  Safety  Measure 

490  Mining  Special  Kinds  of  Ore 


500  METALLURGY 

510  Iron  and  Steel 

520  Gold  and  Silver 

530  Copper 

540  Lead 

550  Tin 

560  Zinc 

580  Other  Metals 

590  Assaying 

600  GAS  ENGINEERING 

610  Natural  Gas 

620  Materials 

630  Manufacture  and  Works 

640  Storage 

650  Distribution 

660  Utilization 

670  By  Products 

680  Management 

700  CHEMICAL  TECHNOLOGY. 
MANUFACTURES 

710  Chemicals.  Dyes.  Paints 

720  Ceramics 

730  Metal  Manufactures.  Machinery 

740  Lumbering.  Wood  Manufactures 

750  Paper  Making 

760  Textiles 

770  Leather  Manufacture.  Tanning 

780  Foods  and  Beverages 

790  Miscellaneous  Industries 

800  MILITARY  AND  NAVAL  SCIENCE 

810  Military  Science.  General 

820  Fortifications 

830  Ordnance 

840  Naval  Architecture.  Shipbuilding 

850  Yards 

860  Navigation.  Shipping 

870  Naval  Science.  War  Vessels 

880  Naval  Strategy  and  Tactics 

890  Naval  Organization 


900  OTHER  SUBJECTS 

910  Philosophy. 

920  Religion 
930  Sociology 
940  Philology 
950  Natural  Science 
960  Useful  Arts  (Other  than  Engi- 
neering and  Manufactures) 

970  Fine  Arts 
980  Literature 
990  History 


44 


SUB=DI  VISIONS 

To  Be  Used  With  Any  Class  or  Sub=Class 

The  following  nine  divisions  have  been  used  as  the  first  general 
sub-divisions  under  each  main  class.  They  may  also  be  used  with 
sub-divisions  of  any  class.  For  instance,  the  sub-division  Costs  and 
Estimates  (.04)  may  be  applied  to  the  general  subject  of  Electrical 
Engineering  (300.04),  and  may  also  be  used  under  Dynamo -Electric 
Machinery  (320),  a sub-division  of  Electrical  Engineering  (320.04), 
and  also  under  Dynamotors  (322.3),  which  is  a sub-division  of 
Dynamo-Electric  Machinery  (322.304) — Dynamo-Electric  Machinery 
being  320,  sub-division  Direct-Current  Machinery  being  322,  and  sub- 
division Dynamotors  being  322.3. 

.01  History 

.02  Laws  and  Legislation 

.03  Statistics 

.04  Costs  and  Estimates 

.05  Contracts  and  Specifications 

.06  Drawings 

.07  Congresses 

.08  Exhibitions 

.09  Tests.  Laboratories 


ooo 

010 

020 

030 

040 

050 

060 

070 

080 

081 

085 

086 

087 

.1 

.2 

.21 

088 

.1 


.2 

.3 

.31 

.4 

.5 

089 


.1 

.2 

.3 

.31 

.32 


090 

091 


.1 

.2 

3 


GENERAL 

Engineering  Bibliographies 
Engineering  Encyclopedias 
Engineering  Dictionaries 
Engineering  Directories 
Engineering  Societies 
Engineering  Periodicals 
Patents 

Engineering  in  General 
General  Works 
Ethics 

Valuation  of  Utilities  (For  Valuation  of  a special  utility  see  special 
subject) 

Industrial  Management 

Organization 
Efficiency  Engineering 

Scientific  Management.  Motion  Study 

Construction  Work.  Contracting 

Contracts  and  Specifications.  General  Works  (For  Special  Contracts 
and  Specifications,  See  .05,  under 
that  subject) 

Organization 


(See  also  420,  Excavation  and  Working, 
under  Mining  Engineering) 


Ditching  and  Trenching  Machinery 
Materials  of  Engineering  (See  also  111,  Mechanics  of  Materials) 
Engineering  and  Testing  Laboratories 
Laboratory  Manuals 
Testing  Machines  and  Appliances 
Methods  of  Testing 


Timekeeping, etc. 
Inspection 
Contractors’  Plant 

Excavation.  Earthwork 

Earth  Excavation 
Rock  Excavation 
Excavating  Machinery 


091 


.32 

.33 

.34 

.341 

.342 

.343 

.344 

.345 

.346 

.35 

.36 

.37 


.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 


.81 

.82 

.83 

.84 


093 


.11 

.12 

.14 


.17 

.18 

.19 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.24 

.27 

.271 

.272 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.61 


.63 

.65 

.66 


.1 

.11 

.111 

.112 

.113 

.114 

.12 

.13 


.22 


.24 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 


Engineering  and  Testing  Laboratories  ( Continued ) 

Selection  of  Test  Pieces.  Influence  of  Temperatures,  etc. 

Weathering 

Elastic  Limit  Tests 

Tension,  Compression,  Torsion,  Flexure,  Shearing 
Tensile  Tests 
Compression  Tests 
Torsion  Tests 
Flexure  Tests 
Shearing  Tests 
Repeated  Stress  Tests 
Impact.  Repeated  Shock  Tests 
Hardness  Tests 

Special  Tests  (Varying  for  different  materials) 

Tests  on  Special  Shapes  and  Forms 
Other  Tests 

Timber.  Strength  and  Testing 

Influence  of  Temperature 
Weathering.  Decay  and  Preservation 
Elastic  Limit  Tests 

Tension,  Compression,  Torsion,  Flexure,  Shearing 
Impact.  Repeated  Shock  Tests 
Hardness  Tests 
Special  Tests  for  Timber 
Special  Shapes 
Posts 
Columns 
Shafts 

Cylinders.  Pipe,  etc. 

Descriptions  of  Various  Kinds  of  Timber  (Arranged  Alphabetically) 

Masonry  Materials 

Stone 

Influence  of  Temperature 
Weathering 

Tension,  Compression,  Shearing,  Crushing 
Impact 

Hardness  Tests 

Special  Tests  for  Stone,  etc. 

Special  Shapes  and  Forms 

Descriptions  of  Kinds  of  Stone  (Arranged  Alphabetically) 

Brick 

Influence  of  Temperature 
Weathering- 
Crushing  Tests 
Special  Tests 
Rattler  Tests 
Absorption  Tests 

Tile 

Terra  Cotta 
Lime.  Mortar 
Cement 

Influence  of  Temperature.  Selection  of  Test  Pieces 
Weathering 

Tension,  Compression,  etc. 

Impact  Tests 

Soundness.  Constancy  and  Time  of  Setting 
Special  Tests 

Fineness  of  Grinding 
Accelerated  Tests 
Concrete.  Strength  and  Testing 

Influence  of  Temperature  and  Mixing.  Selection  of  Pieces 
Concrete  Aggregates 
Sand 
Gravel 
Slag 
Water 

Forms.  Removal  of  Forms 
Effects  of  Freezing  on  Concrete 
Weathering.  Concrete  Finishing 
Action  ef  Salt  Water 
Action  of  Gases  and  Other  Chemicals 
Water-proofing 
Concrete  Finishes.  Stucco 
Elastic  Limit  Tests 

Tension.  Compression,  Torsion,  Flexure,  Shearing 

Impact 

Hardness 


46 


094 

.7 

.8 

.81 

.82 

095 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.7 

.71 

.8 

.81 

.82 

.83 

.84 

.9 

096 

097 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.7 

.8 

.81 

.811 

.82 

.83 

.84 

.85 

.86 

.87 

.89 

.891 

.892 

.893 

.9 

.91 

.92 

.93 

098 

.1 

.2 

.9 

099 

Concrete.  Strength  and  Testing  ( Continued ) 

Special  Tests  for  Concrete 

Special  Shapes 

Bars.  Slabs 

Columns.  Posts.  Footings 

Reinforced  Concrete.  Strength  and  Testing 

Influence  of  Temperature.  Expansion  and  Contraction 

Weathering.  Corrosion  of  Reinforcement 

Elastic  Limit  Tests 

Tension,  Compression,  Torsion,  Flexure,  Shearing 

Impact.  Repeated  Shock  Tests 

Hardness 

Special  Tests 

Bond  of  Concrete  and  Metal 

Special  Shapes 

Bars.  Beams.  Slabs 

Columns.  Posts.  Struts.  Footings 

Shafts 

Cylinders.  Pipes,  etc. 

Types  of  Reinforcement 

Other  Non=Metallic  Materials  (Glass,  Asbestos,  etc.) 

Iron  and  Steel 

Effect  of  Temperature 

Weathering.  Corrosion  and  Protection 

Elastic  Limit  Tests 

Tension,  Compression,  Torsion,  Flexure,  Shearing 

Impact 

Hardness 

Special  Tests 

Special  Shapes 

Bars.  Beams 

Continuous  Beams 

Columns 

Shafts 

Cylinders.  Rollers.  Spheres.  Tubes.  Pipes 

Rivets.  Pins.  Riveted  Joints 

Nails.  Screws.  Bolts 

Angles.  Shapes.  Plates 

Other  Shapes 

Springs 

Wire 

Chains.  Chain  Links 

Special  Materials 

Cast  Iron 

Wrought  Iron 

Steel 

Metals  (Other  than  Iron  and  Steel) 

Copper 

Zinc 

Alloys 

Other  Materials 

100 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING 

.01 

.02 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.09 

1 10 

General 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 

Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories  (See  also  090,  Materials  of  Engineering) 

Structural  Engineering.  Bridges.  Buildings 

Mechanics  of  Materials.  Strength  of  Materials.  General  Theory 

.1 

.11 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

112 

.1 

.2 

Beams 

Continuous  Beams 

Columns.  Posts.  Struts 

Shafts 

Cylinders.  Spheres  9 

Rollers.  Plates 

Riveted  Joints.  Pin  Proportioning 

Theory  of  Design.  Stresses  and  Strains 

Analytic  Methods.  Graphic  Statics 

Loads  and  Stresses  (General  Material  here.  For  Stresses  in  a 

.21 

.22 

Special  Structure,  Sde  112.9) 

Dead  Loads 

Live  Loads 

47 


.23 

.24 

.25 

.3 

.4 

.41 

.42 


.8 


.911 

.912 

.913 

.914 

.92 

.921 

.922 

.93 

.94 

.941 

.942 


.wo 

.97 

.98 

.981 

.982 

.983 

.984 

.99 


.001 

.0011 

.0012 

.002 

.0021 

.0022 

.0023 


.21 

.211 

.212 

.213 

.214 

.22 


.31 

.311 


.32 


.322 


.34 

.35 

.36 

.37 

.4 

.41 

.42 


Theory  of  Design.  Stresses  and  Strains  ( Continued ) 

Impact  Loads 
Wind  Pressure 
Snow  Loads 

Iron  and  Steel  Construction  (General.  For  an  Iron  Truss  Bridge, 
( See  112.92) 

Masonry  Construction  (General) 

Stone  Construction  (General) 

Brick  Construction  (General) 

Concrete  Construction  (General) 

Reinforced  Concrete  Construction  (General) 

Timber  Construction  (General) 

Esthetics  of  Design 
Design  of  Special  Types 
Arches.  Arch  Bridges 
Metallic  . 

Masonry 

Concrete 

Reinforced  Concrete 
Trusses.  Truss  Bridges 
Simple 
Continuous 

Girders.  Girder  Bridges 
Movable  Bridges 
Swing 

Lift.  Bascule  • 

Turntables  ( See  133.83) 

Cantilever  Bridges 
Suspension  Bridges 
Viaducts 

Other  Forms  of  Bridges 

Ferry  Bridges.  Transporter  Bridges 
Pontoon 
Trestles 
Tubular 
Roofs.  Domes 

Foundations.  Bridge  Piers  and  Abutments 

General 

Exploration  of  Site 
Borings 

Supporting  Power  of  Soils 
Theory  of  Design 
Loads 

Area  of  Foundation  Required 
Center  of  Pressure  and  Center  of  Base 
Underpinning.  Shoring 
Spread  Foundations 
Masonry  Footings 
Stone 
Brick 
Concrete 

Reinforced  Concrete 
Timber  Grillage 
Steel  Beam  Grillage 
Eccentric  Footing 
Cantilever  Footing 
Inverted  Arch 
Piles  and  Pile-Driving 
Timber  Piles 

Mechanical  Protection  (Cement  Mortar,  Galvanized  Iron,  Pipe, 
etc.) 

Preservation  of  Timber  ( See  092.2) 

Concrete  Piles 
Pre-moulded 
Cast  in  Place 
Metal  Piles 
Disk  Piles 
Screw  Piles 

Sand  Piles  (See  113.913) 

Pneumatic  Piles  (See  113.6) 

SheeUPiles 
Pile-Drivers 
Driving  by  Water-Jet 
Bearing  Power  of  Piles 
Coffer-Dams 
Earth 
Sheet-Pile 


48 


13 


.44 

.45 

.5 

.51 

.52 

.53 


.62 


.7 


.81 

.9 

.91 

.911 

.912 


.914 


.93 

.94 

14 

15 


.11 

.12 

.13 

.14 

2 

.21 

.3 


16 


.001 

.002 

.003 

.004 

.005 

.008 

.009 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.61 

.62 

.63 

.64 

.7 

.9 

.91 

.92 

.93 

.94 

r 

.003 
.02  . 
.1 
.11 
.12 
.13 
.14 
.15 


Foundations.  Bridge  Piers  and  Abutments  ( Continued ) 

Crib 
Movable 
Miscellaneous 
Box  and  Open  Caissons 
Box  Caissons 

Single-Wall  Open  Caissons 

•Cylinder  Caissons  (Open  Wall.  Wood.  Iron.  Masonry) 

Open  Caissons  with  Dredging  Wells 
Hydraulic  Caissons 
Pneumatic  Caissons 
For  Bridges 
For  Buildings 
Caisson  Disease 

Pier  Foundations  in  Open  Wells 
Bridge  Piers.  Bridge  Abutments 
Width  of  Waterway 
Miscellaneous  Processes 
Consolidating  the  Soil 
By  Adding  Sand 
By  Driving  Wooden  Piles 
By  Using  Sand  Piles 
By  the  Compressol  System 
Drainage 
Freezing 
Grouting 
Retaining  Walls 

Bridges  in  General  (For  Design,  See  112) 

For  Special  Uses  (For  general  material  only.  Class  with  special 
type  if  possible) 

Highway  Bridges 
Railroad  Bridges 

Military  Bridges  ( See  also  112.982  and  116) 

Park  and  Ornamental  Bridges 
By  Special  Location 
Skew  Bridges 

Of  Special  Materials  (Divided  like  090.  Class  with  special  type 
if  possible) 

Location.  Approaches 

Selection  and  Comparison  of  Types 

Foundations.  Bridge  Piers  and  Abutments  (See  113) 

Bridge  Construction  (P”t  here  only  nractical  material  on  Erection, 
Maintenance,  Failures,  etc.,  and  Descriptions 
of  Bridges  actually  Built) 

Shop  Practice.  Shop  Inspection 
Layout  of  Plant 

Erection.  Falsework.  Erecting  Equipment 
Bridge  Floors 
Bridge  Painting 
Other  Details 

Maintenance  (Inspection,  Lighting,  etc.) 

Arch  Bridges 
Truss  Bridges 
Girder  Bridges 
Movable  Bridges 
Cantilever  Bridges 
Suspension  Bridges 
Towers 
Anchorage 
Cables 

Stiffening  Trusses 
Viaducts 
Other  Forms 

Ferry  Bridges.  Transporter  Bridges 

Pontoons 

Trestles 

Tubular 

Building  Construction.  Buildings 

Erection  of  Steel  Buildings 
Building  Laws 
Details  of  Construction 
Floors 
Ceilings 
Stairs 

Windows  and  Doors 
Chimneys  and  Flues 


49 


117  Building  Construction.  Buildings  ( Continued ) 

.16  Roofs  and  Roofing  (For  Design  of  Roofs,  See  112.99,  Roofs, 

under  Theory  of  Design) 

.17  Vaults 

.18  Walls.  Partitions 

.19  Other  Details 

.191  Fire  Escapes 

.192  Scaffolding 

.193  Elevator  Shafts 

Ventilation  and  Heating  (See  227) 

.2  Educational,  Government  and  Scientific  Buildings.  Exhibitions,  etc. 

.3  Business  and  Commercial  ( See  also  117.7,  Factories  and  Mill 

Buildings) 

.31  Office  Buildings 

.32  Stores,  etc. 

.33  Markets 

.4  Domestic  Architecture.  Residences 

.41  Houses.  Bungalows 

.42  Tenement  Houses.  Housing  of  the  Poor 

.421  Model  Factory  Towns 

.43  Apartment  Houses 

.44  Hotels 

.5  Storage  Buildings 

.51  Bins  (See  also  133.86,  Sand  Plants  and  Bins,  under  Railroads) 

.52  Coal  Storage  Plants 

.53  Grain  Elevators 

.54  Ice  Houses 

.55  Lumber  Sheds 

.56  Warehouses 

.6  Hospitals  and  Asylums 

.7  Factories  and  Mill  Buildings 

.9  Other  Buildings 

.91  Prisons.  Reformatories  (See  also  Prisons,  under  Social  Sciences) 

.92  Churches.  Monuments.  Mausoleums 

.93  Recreation  Buildings 

.931  Theatres 

.94  Baths 

.95  Public  Comfort  Stations 

.96  Wash  Houses.  Public  Laundries 

118  Fire  Prevention  and  Protection 

.1  Fire  Resistive  Construction 

.2  Fire  Prevention  and  Extinction 

.21  Fire  Alarms 

.22  Fire  Extinction 

.221  Automatic  Sprinklers 

.222  Chemical  Engines.  Chemical  Systems 

.223  Fire  Engines,  etc. 

.224  Fire  Boats 

.3  Conflagrations  (Arranged  Alphabetically  by  Place) 

.4  Fire  Departments 

119  Other  Structures 

.1  Stadium  (e.  g.,  Yale  Bowl) 

.2  Subways  for  Passenger  and  Vehicular  Traffic 

.3  Pipe  Subways 

120  Surveying.  General 

121  Instruments 

.1  Tapes,  Chains,  Rods,  etc. 

.2  Compass 

.?>  Transit  and  Theodolite 

.31  Solar  Attachment 

.4  Sextant 

.5  Photo  Theodolite 

.6  Plane  Table 

.7  Level 

.71  Aneroid  Barometer 

.8  Drawing  Instruments 

.9  Other  Instruments 

122  Land  Surveying 

123  City  Surveying 

124  Topographic  Surveying 

.9  Photographic  Surveying 

125  Geodetic  Surveying 

1 Triangulation.  Base  Lines 

• 2 Stations,  Towers,  etc. 

.3  Adjustments  of  Errors 

.4  Astronomical  Observations 

126  Leveling 


50 


127 


.1 

.2 

,3 


130 


.01 

.011 

.02 


.021 

.022 

.023 

.03 


.05 


.07 

.08 

.09 


131 


.11 

.2 

.21 


.1 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.3 


133 


.1 

.2 


.5 

.51 

.6 

.7 

.71 

.72 

.73 

.8 

.81 

.82 

.83 

.84 

.85 


134 


.1 

.2 

.3 


.1 

.11 

.111 

.112 

.113 

.114 

.115 

.116 

.117 

.118 

.12 

.13 

.14 

.15 


Plotting 

Projections 

■Lettering 

Photographic  Reproductions.  Blue  Prints 

Railroads 

General 

History  of  Railroad  Engineering 

History  of  Individual  Railroads  (Arranged  by  Railroad) 

Laws  and  Legislation.  Legal  Documents 

Of  Individual  Railroads  (Arranged  by  Railroad) 

Of  States  or  Provinces  (Arranged  by  Name) 

Of  Governments  (Arranged  by  Name) 

Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

General  Descriptions  of  Railroads  (Arranged  by  Name  and  Place) 
Location 

Preliminary  Plans.  Economics  of  Location 
Land  Grants 
Surveying 

Curves.  Transition  Spirals 
Construction  of  Roadbed  (To  sub-grade) 

Earthwork  (See  .089) 

Drainage.  Culverts 
Tunnels  and  Tunneling 
Masonry  Dining 
Grouting 

Grade  Crossings.  Track  Elevation  and  Depression 

Construction  and  Maintenance  of  Permanent  Way 

Roadmasters’  and  Trackmasters’  Regulations  and  Manuals 

Gauge 

Ballast 

Ties  and  Sleepers 
Rails 

Rail-fastenings 

Turnouts.  Frogs  and  Switches.  Track  Crossings 
Removal  of  Wrecks,  Snow,  and  Weeds 
Removal  of  Wrecks 
Removal  of  Snow 
Removal  of  Weeds 
Track  Accessories 

Track  Tanks.  Fuel  and  Water  Stations 
Ash-pits,  etc. 

Turntables.  Transfer  Tables 
Fences,  Cattle-guards,  Snow  Guards 
Snow  Sheds 
Sand  Plants  and  Bins 
Yards  and  Terminals 
Buildings 

Passenger  Stations 

Freight  Stations 

Engine  Houses.  Roundhouses 

Shops 

Coal  Sheds 

Rolling  Stock 

Cars 

Car  Details 
Wheels 
Axles 

Bearings  and  Lubrication 

Springs 

Couplings 

Brakes 

Furnishings 

Sanitation,  Heating,  Lighting,  Ventilation 
Passenger  Cars 
Baggage  and  Mail  Cars 
Freight  Cars 
Work  Cars 

Motor  Cars  (See  136.6) 

Locomotives  (Put  here  Manuals  for  Locomotive  Engineers  and 
Firemen.  See  also  Electric  Locomotives,  136.5) 


51 


.21 

.22 


.25 

.26 

.27 

136 

.1 


.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.7 

.71 

.8 

.1 

.11 

.12 

.13 

.14 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 

.24 

.241 

.3 

.4 

.41 

.42 

.43 

.44 

.45 

.46 

.5 

.51 


.61 

.62 

.63 

.64 

.65 

.7 

.71 

.72 

.73 


138 


.1 

.2 


.3 

139 

.1 

.11 

.12 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

140 


.01 

.02 

.03 

.04 


Rolling  Stock  ( Continued ) 

Design  and  Construction 

Details  (Frames,  Boilers,  etc.  Divide  if  necessary) 

Types 

Locomotive  Tenders 
Locomotive  Shops  and  Works 

Locomctive  Maintenance  and  Repair.  Inspection 
Locomotive  Performance 

Use  of  Electricity.  General  Works  on  Electric  Railroads 

Power  Requirements.  Sub-Stations  (For  Power  Plants,  See  321, 

Electric  Plants,  tinder 
Electrical  Engineering) 

Power  Transmission 

Overhead  Trolley  Systems 
Third-Rail  Systems 
Other  Systems 

Track  ) | Material  to  be  classed  here  only  when  differing  in 
Cars  f | construction  from  ordinary  track  and  cars 
Electric  Locomotives 
Railway  Motor  Cars 
Rolling  Stock  Accessories  and  Parts 
Motors,  Controllers,  etc. 

Locomotive  and  Car  Wiring 
Operation 

Signals  and  Signaling 
Hand  Signals 

Telegraph  and  Telephone  Systems 
Block  Systems 
Interlocking  Systems 
Train  Movement 
Train  Resistance 
Train  Speed 
Train  Load 
Train  Running 

Travelers’  Guides.  Time-Tables 
Railroad  Accidents.  Safety  Measures 
Traffic 

Station  Management 
Passenger  Traffic 
Baggage 
Express 
Mail  Service 
Freight 
Rates 

Passenger  Tariffs 
Freight  Tariffs 
Finance 

Capitalization 

Valuation 

Accounting 

Receivership  and  Reorganization 
Clearing  House 

Organization  of  Staff  and  Force 
Service  Rules  and  Regulations 
Wages 
Strikes 

Federal  and  State  Relations 

Reports 

Company  Reports 

State  Commission  Reports  (Enter  here  only  serials  or  reports  so 
general  in  nature  that  they  cannot 
be  classed  elsewhere) 

Government  Reports  (Above  note  applies  also  to  this  class) 

Miscellaneous  Kinds  of  Railways 

Mountain 

Cable 

Rack 

Monorail 

Aerial  Tramways 
Industrial  Railways 
Ship  Railways 

Street  Railways.  Elevated  Railways.  Subways 
General 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 


LIBRARY  " — _ 

UNIVERSITY  nr  IllTNOtS 


52 


140  Street  Railways.  Elevated  Railways.  Subways  ( Continued ) 

.05  Contracts  and  Specifications 

.06  Drawings 

.07  Congresses 

.08  Exhibitions 

.09  Tests.  Laboratories 

.9  General  Descriptions  of  Street  Railways  (Arranged  by  Name  and 

Place) 

141  Location 

.1  Preliminary  Plans.  Promotion 

.2  Surveys 

142  Construction  in  General 

.1  Surface  Railways 

.2  Elevated  Railways 

.3  Subways 

.4  Freight  Subways 

143  Construction  of  Track.  Maintenance 

.1  Paving  Between  Tracks 

.2  Rails.  Bonding 

.3  Electrolysis.  Leakage 

144  Structures  and  Buildings 

.1  Passenger  Stations 

.2  Car  Barns 

.3  Shops 

.9  Other  Structures 

145  Rolling  Stock 

.1  Cars 

.2  Car  Heating  and  Lighting 

.3  Car  Painting 

.4  Car  Maintenance 

.5  Accessories  and  Parts.  Street  Railway  Motors,  etc. 

1 46  Traction 

.1  Electric  Power  Requirements 

Electric  Power  Plants  (See  321) 

.2  Electric  Power  Transmission  Systems 

.21  Overhead  Trolley  Systems 

.22  Underground  Conductors  (Conduits) 

.23  Third  Rail  Systems 

.24  Other  Systems 

.3  Traction  Other  Than  Electric 

.31  Cable 

.32  Compressed  Air 

.33  Horse 

147  Operation 

.1  Signals  and  Signaling 

.2  Movement  of  Trains  and  Cars 

.3  Accidents 

.4  Traffic 

.5  Finance  and  Accounts 

.51  Capitalization 

.52  Valuation 

.53  Accounting 

.6  Organization  and  Employees 

.7  Municipal  and  State  Relations 

148  Reports 

.1  Company 

.2  City 

.3  State 

.4  Government 

150  Highways  (General  Works  and  Treatises  classed  here) 

General 

.01  History 

.011  Descriptive  Material  (Put  here  material  on  roads  of  "New 

Jersey",  “Lincoln  Highway",  etc., 
arranged  by  locality) 

.02  Legislation 

.021  Municipal 

.022  County 

.023  State 

.024  National 

.03  Statistics 

.031  Local 

.032  County 

.033  State 

.034  National 

.035  Automobile  and  Motor  Truck 

.04  Costs  and  Estimates 


53 


.05 

.06 

.07 


.11 

.12 


.15 

.16 

.17 


.6 

.1 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 

.24 


.4 

.5 

.6 

.7 

.8 

.9 

l 

.1 

.2 

.21 

.3 


.32 

.33 

.34 


.37 

.38 

.39 

.4 

.41 

.42 

.5 

.6 


.9 


155 


.1 

.11 


Highways  ( Continued ) 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses  - 

Exhibitions 


Tests.  Laboratories 

Administration.  Reports 

Organization 

Civil  Service  Registrations' 

Maintenance  Systems 
Labor.  Convict  Labor 
Inspection 
Municipal  Reports 
County  Reports 
State  Reports 
Government  Reports 
Economics 
Financing 

Administration  and  Engineering 
Construction  of  Highways 
Maintenance  of  Highways 
Labor  Tax 
Bonds 

Assessments 

Appropriations 

Accounting 

Comparison  of  Different  Roads  and  Pavements 
Effect  of  Road  Improvements  on  Social  and  Business  Conditions 
Traffic 
Census 

Tractive  Resistances 
Costs  of  Transportation 
Contracting 

Design 

Preliminary  Investigations 
Highway  Systems 
Municipal 
County 
State 

Government 

Surveys 

Mapping 

Location  and  Grades 
Widths 

Crowns,  Cross-Sections  and  Street  Intersections 

Bridges  and  Fords  (Location  only.  For  Design  and  Construction  of 
Bridges,  See  110) 

Miscellaneous 

Highway  Details 

Grade  Crossings,  Elimination  of  (See  also  119.2)- 
Subsurface  Structures 
Pavement  Openings 
Sidewalks 
Gravel 

Cement-Concrete 
Tar  Concrete 
Asphalt 
Brick 

Stone  Flags 
Stone  Blocks 
Wood 

Other  Materials 
Curbs 
Stone 

Cement-Concrete 
Fences,  Guard  Rails  and  Walls 
Road  and  Street  Signs 
Car  Tracks,  Paving  (See  also  143.1) 

.Trackways 

Miscellaneous 


Roadsides,  Esthetic  Treatment  (See  971,  Landscape  Architecture) 
Tree  Culture  (See  963,  Agriculture  and  Forestry) 

Lighting  Systems  (See  371.2,  Electric  Lighting.  Illumination 
Exterior  and  661.12,  Gas  Lighting.  Illumination,  Exterior) 

Grading,  Drainage  and  Foundations 

Grading 

Excavation  . . • ,,  , 


54 


.in 

.112 

.12 

.121 

.122 

.13 

.14 

.141 

.142 

.2 

.21 


.23 

.24 


.31 

.32 

.321 

.322 

.323 

.324 

.325 

.326 


.1 

.11 

.2 

.3 


.61 

.7 

.8 


.82 

.83 

.84 

.85 

.9 

.91 

.92 

.93 

.94 

.95 


157 


.1 

.2 


.4 


.6 

.7 


.81 

.82 

.821 

.822 

.823 

.824 

.825 

.826 

.827 

.83 

.84 

.85 

.851 

.852 

.853 

.9 

.91 

.92 

.93 

.94 

.95 


Grading,  Drainage  and  Foundations  ( Continued ) 

Earth 

Rock 

Embankments 

Earth 

Rock 

Sub grades 
Special  Methods 

Swamps  and  Marshes 
Side-hill  Grading 
Drainage 
Ditches 
Gutters 
Subdrains 
Culverts 

Catch  Basins  and  Inlets  (See  191.54) 
Foundations 
Natural 
Artificial 
Telford 
V-Drain 
Field  Stone 
Broken  Stone 
Gravel 

Cement-Concrete 

Materials 

Earth,  Sand  and  Clay 
Burned  Clay 
Gravel 

Broken  Stone 
Cement-Concrete 
Stone  Blocks 
Wood  Blocks 
Preservatives 
Brick 

Bituminous  Materials 
Petroleums 
Asphalts 
Rock  Asphalts 
Tars 

Tars  and  Asphalt  Compounds 
Miscellaneous  Materials 
Calcium  Chloride 
Sulphite  Liquor 
Shells 
Slags 
Clinkers 

Roads  and  Pavements 

Earth  and  Sand-Clay 
Gravel 

Broken  Stone 
Cement-Concrete 
Stone  Block 
Wood  Block 
Brick 

Bituminous  Pavements 
Bituminous  Macadam 
Bituminous  Concrete 

One-Product  Screening  Plant 
Broken  Stone  and  Sand 
Asphalt  Block 
Topeka 
Bitulithic 
Warren  ite 
Amiesite 
Sheet-Asphalt 
Rock  Asphalt 
Miscellaneous 
Earth  Mix 
Sand  Mix 
Petrolithic 
Miscellaneous 
Slag 

Cobblestone 
Shell 
Clinker 
Wooden  Plank 


55 


157 


.97 

.971 

.972 

.973 

.974 

.975 

8 

.1 

.11 


.1 

.11 


.13 

.14 

.15 

.2 

.3 

.4 


.42 

.43 

.5 

.51 

.52 


.61 

.62 

.63 

.64 

.7 


.91 

160 

161 


.1 

.11 

.12 

.2 

.3 

.4 


.9 

162 


.1 

.11 

.12 

.13 

.14 


.19 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.61 

163 

164 

.1 

.11 

.12 

.13 

.2 

.21 

.3 


Roads  and  Pavements  ( Continued ) 

Corduroy 

For  Special  Purposes 
Service  Test  Roads 
Race  Tracks 
Bridle  Paths 
Motor-Dromes 
Motor-Trackways 

Street  Cleaning,  Dust  Prevention  and  Snow  Removal 

Street  Cleaning 
Methods 

Reports  (Arranged  by  Place) 

Dust  Prevention 
Snow  Removal 
Machinery  and  Tools 
Grading  Machinery 
Steam  Shovels 
Road  Drags 
Scrapers 
Graders 
Scarifiers 

Rollers  and  Tractors 

Crushing,  Screening  and  Washing  Machinery 
Mixing  Machinery 
Cement-Concrete 
Bituminous  Concrete 
Sheet  Asphalt 
Distributing  Machinery 
Watering  Carts 

Bituminous  Material  Distributors 
Street  Cleaning  and  Snow  Removal  Machinery 
Sweepers 
Squeegees 
Flushers 
Snow  Plows 

Motor  Trucks  and  Trailers 
Small  Tools 
Miscellaneous 
Wagons 

Hydrology.  Hydraulics.  Dams 
Hydrology.  Water  Resources 

Physical  Properties  of  Water 
Temperature 
Ice 

Rainfall  and  Run-off 
Stream  Measurements 
Springs.  Wells 
Underground  Water 
Evaporation  and  Percolation 
Forest  Influences 

Hydrology  of  Individual  Localities  (Arranged  Geographically) 

Hydraulics 

Instruments  of  Measurement 

Gauges  (For  Heights  and  Depths) 

Water-Flow  Meters  (For  Volumes) 

Current-Velocity  Meters 

Floats  (For  Velocities  and  Directions) 

Piezometers  S'  *>”> 

Other  Instruments 
Flow  in  Open  Channels 
Back-Water 
Surges 

Flow  over  Weirs 
Flow  through  Orifices 
Flow  through  Short  Tubes  and  Nozzles 
Flow  through  Pipes 
Water-Hammer 
Hydrostatics 

Dams  and  Reservoirs.  General 

Foundations 

Exploration  and  Site 
Borings 
Seepage 
Design 
Profiles 

Stream  Diversion 


56 


164 


165 

.1 

.11 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.3 

.31 

.311 

.32 

.33 

166 

.1 

.11 

.12 

.13 

.2 

.3 


.9 


167 

170 


.01 

.02 

.021 

.022 

.023 

.024 

.03 


.06 


.09 

.1 


.7 

.71 


.81 

.82 

.9 

.91 


172 


173 


.1 

.2 


.01 

.02 

.1 

.11 

.12 


.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 


Dams  and  Reservoirs.  General  (Continued) 

Dam  Accessories 
Gates 
Spillways 
Movable  Crests 
Racks 

Fixed  Dams 

Earthen 

Hydraulic-Fill 

Rock-Fill 

Timber 

Steel 

Masonry 

Gravity 

Hollow 

Arched 

Reinforced  Concrete 
Movable  Dams  (Resting  on  River  Beds) 

Trestle 

Needle 

Gates  and  Shutters 
Curtains 
Wickets 
Bear-Trap 
Rolling 
Other  Types 

Coffer-Dams  (See  113.4) 

Reservoirs 

Waterways 

General 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Riparian  Rights 
Water  Rights 

Laws  of  Individual  States  or  Provinces 
Laws  of  Individual  Governments 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

Water  Transportation  (Put  here  description  of  Special  Kinds  of 
Traffic  (Grain  Trade,  etc.),  also  Traffic 
Statistics) 

Federal  and  State  Relations 
Subsidies 
Economics 

Relation  to  Other  Transportation 
Rates 

Inland  Navigation  Systems  (Arranged  by  Country) 

Special  Projects  (e.  g.  Lakes  and  Gulf  Waterways) 

Hydrographic  Surveying  ( Put  actual  surveys  with  the  subject.  For 
Stream  Measurements,  See  161.3,  under 
Hydrology.  Hydraulics.  Dams) 

Excavation 

Dredges  and  Dredging 
Rock  Removal 

Coast  Erosion  and  Protection 

Groins,  Spur  Dikes,  etc. 

Sea  Walls  (See  also  Retaining  Walls,  114,  under  Structural  Engi- 
neering) 

Reclamation  of  Tidal  Lands 

Breakwaters  and  Jetties  (See  175.11  and  175.12) 

Harbors 

History 

Laws  and  Legal  Documents 
Protective  Works 
Breakwaters 
Jetties 

Roadsteads  and  Anchorage 
Bulkheads.  Dock  and  Quay  Walls 
Development  Works  and  Terminals 
Terminals 

Docks  and  Piers.  Wharves  (Includes  enclosed  docks  used  abroad) 
Freight  Handling.  Dock  Machinery 


57 


175 

.3 


.9 

176 


.01 

.02 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.09 

.1 

.11 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 

.24 

.25 

.26 

.27 

.271 

.272 

.273 

.29 

.3 

.31 

.32 

.321 


.35 

.5 

.6 

.7 

.8 


177 


.12 

.13 

.131 

.132 

.133 

.134 

.135 

.14 

.141 

.2 


178 

179 


.1 

.11 

.12 

.2 


Harbors  ( Continued ) 

Operation 

Rates 

General  Description  of  Individual  Harbors  (Arranged  by  Harbor) 

Canals 

General 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

Location.  Preliminary  Investigations.  Dimensions. 

Location  of  Individual  Canals  (Arranged  by  Name  of  Canal  or 
Locality) 

Construction  and  Equipment 
Excavation  4 

Embankments 
Locks  and  Lock-Gates 
Inclines  and  Lifts 
Aqueducts  and  Siphons 
Enlargement 

Dams  and  Reservoirs  (See  164) 

Traction 

Motive  Power 
Boats 

Resistance  of  Water 

Of  Individual  Canals  (Arranged  by  Name  of  Canal  or  Locality) 
Operation 
Management 
Finance 
Rates 
Freight 

Relations  to  Commerce  and  other  Forms  of  Transportation 
Of  Individual  Canals  (Arranged  by  Name  of  Canal  or  Locality) 
Company  Reports 
State  Reports 
Government  Reports 

Federal  and  State  Relations  (General  only.  Special  reports  go 
with  State  and  Government  Re- 
ports) 

General  Description  of  Canals  (Arranged  by  Name  of  Canal  or 
Locality) 


Rivers 

River  Hydraulics  and  Stream  Measurements  (See  160) 

Dredging  (See  172) 

Regulation 

Storage  and  Regulation  Reservoirs  (Put  here  general  discussion 
of  the  subject.  For  theory 
of  design  and  construc- 
tion, See  160) 


Channel  Contraction 
Bank  and  Bed  Protection 
Training  Walls 

Spur-Dikes,  Groins,  Hurdles,  etc. 

Ground  Sills 

Levees  (Including  Embankments  and  Dikes) 

Revetments  (Including  River  Walls,  Pavings,  Mattresses,  etc.) 
River  Outlets  (Embouchures) 

Jetties,  Moles,  etc. 

Canalization 
.Dams  (See  164) 

Locks  and  Lock-Gates  (See  also  Construction  and  Equipment, 
176.2,  under  Canals.) 


Floods  and  Flocd  Control 

Rainfall  and  Run-off  (See  161.2) 

Reservoirs,  Channel  Improvement,  Levees  (See  177.1) 
Individual  Rivers  (Arranged  by  Name  of  River  or  Locality) 

Lakes 

Oceans 

Tides 

Theory 

Application 

Currents 


58 


.21 

.22 

.3 

.4 


180 

181 

.1 

.2 


.21 

.211 

.22 


.25 

.26 

.2609 

.261 

.262 

.2621 

.2622 

.263 


.3 


.7 

182 


.02 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.09 

.1 

.2 

.21 

.211 

.22 


.23 

.24 


184 


.11 

.12 

.121 

.122 

.123 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 


.4 


.1 

.11 

.12 

.2 


.3 


.41 


Oceans  ( Continued ) 

Theory 

Application 

Waves 

Individual  Oceans,  or  Arms  (e.  g.  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Arranged  under 

Name.) 

Water  Power.  Waterworks.  Irrigation.  Drainage 
Water  Power.  Hydro=electric  Plants 

Investigation 
Design  and  Construction 
Dams  ( See  164) 

Canals.  Plumes.  Tunnels. 

Racks 
Wheel  Pits 
Penstocks 
Draft-Tubes 
Power-House 
Water-Wheels 
Testing 
Gravity 
Turbine 
Action 
Reaction 
Auxiliaries 

Electric  Machinery  (See  300) 

Transmission  (See  340) 

Cost  and  Sale  of  Power 
Damage  by  Water  Diversion 
Valuation 

Water  Powers.  Undeveloped  (Arranged  by  Place) 

Water  Powers.  Developed  (Arranged  by  Place) 

Water=Works.  General 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

Preliminary  Investigations.  Quantity  of  Water  Required 
Collection  of  Water 
By  Wells 
Artesian 

In  Reservoirs  (For  Construction,  See  164,  Dams  and  Reservoirs, 
under  Hydrology.  Hydraulics.  Dams) 

Through  Intakes 
By  Infiltration  Galleries 

Analysis.  Quality  (See  also  161.1,  Physical  Properties  of  Water, under 
Hydrology.  Hydraulics.  Dams) 

Purification  of  Water 

Mechanical  Treatment 
Sedimentation 
Filtration 

Natural  Filtration 
Sand  Filtration 
Domestic  Filters 
Chemical  Purification 
Precipitation 
Aeration 

Ozone  Treatment 
Copper  Sulphate  Treatment 
Other  Methods 
Electrical  Treatment 
Bacterial  Purification 
Water  Softening 
Distribution  of  Water 

Aqueducts.  Conduits.  Canals 
Water  Supply  Tunnels 
Siphons 

Pumping  Plants  (For  Pumping  Machinery,  See  251,  Pumps  and 
Pumping  Engines,  under  Mechanical  Engi- 
neering) 

Stand-pipes  and  Tanks 
Mains  and  Services 
Cast  Iron 


59 


.42 

.43 

.44 

.45 

.47 

.48 


187 

188 
189 


.01 

.02 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.09 

.1 

.11 

.12 


.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 


.01 

.02 

.03 


.21 

.211 


Distribution  of  Water  ( Continued ) 

Steel 

Concrete  apd  Reinforced  Concrete 

Wood 

Clay 

Other  Kinds  of  Mains 
Coatings.  Water-proofing 
Accessories.  Gates,  Valves,  etc. 

Meters 

Water  Waste* 

Management 

Maintenance 

Rates 

Finance 

Valuation 

Accounting 

Rural  and  Isolated  Water  Supply 

Water  Supply  of  Individual  Places  (Arranged  by  Place) 

Irrigation.  Drainage.  Land  Reclamation 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 
Contracts  and  Specifications 
Drawings 
Congresses 
Exhibitions 
Tests.  Laboratories 
Construction  of  Systems 
Flumes  and  Conduits 
Irrigation  Canals 
Measurement  of  Irrigation  Water 
Weirs 
Modules 

Management  and  Operation 
Duty  of  Water 

Drainage.  Land  Reclamation 

Reclamation  of  Bogs,  Swamps,  Lakes,  etc. 

Reports  and  Descriptions.  Irrigation  Projects  (Arranged  by  Place) 

Sanitation 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

Sewerage  (Put  here  General  Treatises  on  Sewerage) 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 
Contracts  and  Specifications 
Drawings 
• Congresses 
Exhibitions 
Tests.  Laboratories 

Sewerage  System.  Comparative  Schemes  of  Main  Drainage  for 
Various  Districts 
Combined  System  / 

Separate  Systems 
Sanitary  Sewers 
Storm-Water  Drains 
Liernur  System 
Shone  System 
Other  Systems 

Preliminary  Investigation.  Surveys.  Population 
Topography 

Rainfall  and  Run-off  ( See  161.2) 

Economics.  Financing  Sewerage  Works 
Methods  of  Accounting 
Valuation.  Depreciation 
Volume  of  Flow 
Storm-Water 
Run-off 


60 


191 

.212 

.22 

.23 

.24 


.3 

.31 

.311 

.312 

.313 

.314 

.315 

.32 

.33 

.34 

.341 

.3411 

.342 

.343 

.3431 

.34311 

.3432 

.344 

.345 

.346 

.347 

.3471 

.348 

.349 


.42 

.5 

.51 


.571 

.572 

.573 


.591 

.592 


,62 

.63 

.64 

.65 

.7 

.71 

.72 

.73 

.8 

.9 

2 

.02 

.1 


Sewerage  ( Continued ) 

Flooding  of  Property- 

Snow  Removal  by  Sewers  (Sec  157.92) 

House  Sewage 
Trade  Wastes 
Ground-Water  Percolation 

Flow  of  Water  in  Pipes  and  Open  Channels  (See  162) 

Measuring  Devices  (/See  162.1) 

Sewers.  Drains 

Shape  and  Size  of  Sewers 
Circular 

Horse-shoe.  Semi-Elliptical 

Egg-Shape 

Rectangular 

Other  Shapes 

Depth  and  Alignment  • > 

Grades  and  Velocities 
Types  of  Sewers 
Vitrified  Tile  Pipe 
Vitrified  Block 
Cement  Pipe. 

Metal 

Steel  Pipe 
Mortar-Lined 
Cast  Iron 
Wood 
Brick 

Brick  and  Concrete 
Concrete 

Concrete  Block 
Reinforced  Concrete 
Other  Types 
Ventilation 

Openings  in  Streets 
Other  Openings 
Sewer  Appurtenances 

Junctions.  Bell-mouths 
Traps 

Manholes.  Lampholes 
Catch-Basins.  Inlets 
Flush-Tanks.  Flushing  Fixtures 
Automatic  Siphons 
Outfalls.  Outlets 
Sea  Outfalls 

Special  Valves.  Tide  Gates 
Regulators 

Overflows.  Interceptors 
Relief  Chambers 
House  Connections 
Other  Appurtenances 

Covers,  Frames.  Gratings.  • Ladders,  Steps 
Sewage  Reservoirs.  Storage  Tanks 
Construction 
Excavation 

Excavating  Machinery  (See  89.32,  Ditching  and  Trenching 
Machinery,  under  Excavation) 

Timbering 

Pumping  and  Draining  Sewer  Trenches 
Foundations 

River,  Canal,  and  Railroad  Crossings 
Maintenance 

Cleaning.  Flushing 
Inspection 
Sewer  Explosions 
Pumping  Stations 

Reports  on  Sewerage  Systems  of  Individual  Places  (Arranged  by  Place) 

Plumbing.  House  Drainage 

Laws  and  Regulations 

Plumbing  of  Special  Types  of  Buildings  (Arranged  as  in  117,  e.  g. 

.92  Churches;  .31  Office  Buildings;  .95  Public  Comfort 
Stations,  etc.) 

Water  Supply  . 

Cold-Water  Supply 
Hot-Water  Supply 
House  Drainage 
Gas  Fittings  (See  600) 


193 


.1 

.11 

.111 

.112 

.113 

.114 

.119 

.12 


.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 

.231 

.232 

.233 

.234 

.235 

.24 


.31 

.311 

.312 

.313 

.314 

.315 


.316 

.32 

.321 

.322 

.323 

.324 

.325 

.326 

.3261 

.3262 

.327 

.328 

.3281 

.3282 

.3283 

.3284 

.3285 

.3286 

.329 


.341 

.342 

.343 

.344 

.345 

.35 

.351 

.352 

.353 

.354 

.355 

.356 

.357 

.359 

.36 


.362 

.363 

.37 

.371 

.372 

.38 

.381 

.4 

.5 


.61 

.9 


Sewage  Disposal 

Sewage.  Sludge 

Character  and  Composition 
Domestic  Sewage 
Storm-Water 
Combined  Sewage 
Trade  Wastes 
Sludge 

Methods  of  Analysis.  Sampling 
Bacteria  in  Their  Relation  to  Sewage  Disposal 
Dilution 

In  Sea  Water 
In  Other  Waters 
Pollution  of  Waters  by  Sewage 
Physical  Examination 
Chemical  Analysis 
Bacterial  Analysis 
Standard  of  Cleanness 

Effect  of  Pollution  on  Fish  and  Plant  Life 
Pollution  of  Water  from  Other  Causes 
Sewage  Treatment 
Screening 

Coarse  Screens 
Fixed 
Movable 
Fine  Screens 
Fixed. 

Movable 

Sedimentation  (Tanks  General) 

Grit  Chambers.  Detritus  Tanks 
Plain  Settling  Tanks 
Horizontal-Flow  Tanks 
Vertical-Flow  Tanks 
Septic  Tanks 

Two-Story  Tanks 
Travis  Tanks 
Emscher  or  Irnhoff  Tanks 
Separate  Sludge  Digestion  Tanks 
Chemical  Precipitation 
Precipitation  Tanks 
Mixing  Apparatus 
Precipitation  by  Alum 
Precipitation  by  Lime 
Precipitation  by  Iron 
Precipitation  by  Other  Methods 
Other  Methods 
Aeration 
Filtration 

Strainers  or  Roughing  Filters 
Intermittent  Sand  Filtration 
Contact  Beds 
Trickling  Filters 
Automatic  Dosing  Apparatus 
Sludge  Disposal 
Dumping  at  Sea 
Air  Drying  and  Lagooning 
Drying  by  Centrifuging  Machines 
Draining  on  Beds 
Pressing 
Burying 
Burning 
Other  Methods 
Sludge  Utilization 
Fertilizer 
Grease 
Fuel 

Irrigation 

Sub-surface  Irrigation 
Broad  Irrigation 
Sterilization  and  Disinfection 
Electrolytic  Processes 
Cess-pools 
Pail  Systems 

Disposal  for  Isolated  Plants 
Camp  Sanitation 

Reports  on  Sewage  Disposal  of  Special  Places 


62 


194 

.1 

.2  • 
.3 
.4 
.5 
.6 
.7 

197 

.1 

.2 

.3 

Refuse  Disposal 

Garbage 

Ashes.  Rubbish.  Street  Sweepings 

Animals 

Slaughter-House  and  Market  Refuse 

Factory  and  Trade  Wastes 

Incineration  Plants 

Reduction  Plants 

Air  Pollution 

Dust 

Gases 

Odors 

198 

Smoke  (See  222.13) 

Industrial  and  Factory  Sanitation 

199 

.1 

.11 

.12 

.13 

.14 

Plumbing  of  Factories  (See  192.18) 

Public  Health.  Vital  Statistics 

Food  Regulations.  Ice.  Drugs 

Milk  and  Milk  Products 

Animal  and  Plant  Foods 

Ice 

Drugs 

.2 

.3 

.31 

.32 

.33 

Housing  Conditions  (See  117.42) 

Fly  and  Mosquito  Suppression 

Contagious  and  Infectious  Diseases 

Epidemics 

Quarantine 

Disinfection 

.4 

.41 

.42 

.8 

.9 

.91 

.92 

.93 

Hospitals  (See  961  and  117.6) 

Disposal  of  the  Dead 

Undertaking  and  Embalming 

Cremation 

Registration.  Vital  Statistics 

Boards  of  Health.  Reports 

City 

State 

Government 

200 

MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING 

General 

.01 

.02 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.09 

201 

202 

203 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.7 

.9 

204 

205 

209 

210 

211 

212 

213 

214 

220 

221 

222 

.1 

.11 

.12 

.13 

.2 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 

Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

Mechanics  of  Machines.  Strength  of  Materials 
Machine  Drawing 

Machine  Parts 

Fastenings.  Bolts.  Rivets.  Screws 

Axles 

Cranks.  Cams 

Springs 

Bearings 

Couplings 

Shafting 

Other  Parts 

Lubrication.  Friction 

Balancing  of  Engines 

Reports 

Power  Transmission.  Mill  Work 

Links  and  Link  Motion 

Gearing 

Belts  and  Pulleys 

Chain  Transmission 

Heat  Engineering 

Thermodynamics.  Theory  of  Heat  Engines 

Heat  Generation 

Combustion 

Chemistry 

Temperatures.  Pyrometry 

Smoke.  Smoke  Prevention 

Fuel.  Production,  Analysis,  and  Use 

63 


.21 

.22 


.25 

.26 

.29 


.32 

.33 

.34 

.35 

.4 

223 

.1 

.2 

223.21 

.211 

.22 

.221 

.222 

.23 

.231 

.24 

.241 

.242 

.243 

.244 

.25 

.26 

.261 

.3 

.31 

.311 

.312 

.313 

.314 

.315 

.32 

.33 

.331 

.332 

.333 

.334 

.335 

.336 

.4 

.41 

.42 

.43 

224 

.1 


.13 

.14 

.2 

.21 

.22 

.23 


225 

226 
227 
230 
240 
250 


Heat  Generation  ( Continued ) 

Coal 

Coke  ( See  671,  under  Gas  Engineering) 

Wood 

Charcoal 

Pulverized  Fuel.  Briquettes 
Liquid  Fuel 
Gas  Fuel 
Other  Fuels 
Furnaces 
Draft 
Grates 
Stokers 
Ash-Burners 
Ash  Disposal 
Liquid  Fuel  Apparatus 
Steam  Engineering 

Steam  (Properties,  etc.) 

Steam  Boilers.  Design.  Construction 

Water  Supply.  Corrosion  (For  Water  Softening.  See  184.5, 
under  Purification  of  Water) 

Feed-Water  Heaters 
Details  and  Parts 
Rivets.  Stays 
Tubes 

Boiler  Accessories 
Superheaters 

Types  (For  Locomotive  Boilers,  See  135.22,  under  Rolling  Stock) 
Fire-Tube  Boilers 
Water-Tube  Boilers 
Stationary  Boilers 
Marine  Boilers 
Operation  and  Economy 
Explosions.  Accidents 
Boiler  Inspection 
Steam  Engines 

Details  and  Parts 

Valves  and  Valve  Gears 
Cylinders 
Governors 
Fly-Wheels 
Indicators 
Steam  Turbines 

Types  (Not  Classed  Elsewhere) 

Steam  Turbines 
Traction  Engines 
Stationary  Engines 
Portable  Engines 
Rotary  Engines 
Marine  Engines 

Steam  Power  and  Boiler  Plants 
Piping 
Condensers 

Cooling  Towers  and  Ponds 

Gas  and  Oil  Engines.  Internal  Combustion  Engines 

Details  and  Parts 
Ignition 
Carburetion 
Governors 

Valves  and  Valve  Gears 
Types 

Gas  Engines 
Oil  Engines 
Gasoline  Engines 
Alcohol  Engines 
Gas  Power  Plants 
Compressed  Air 
Refrigeration 
Heating  and  Ventilation 
Automobiles 
Aeronautics 

Hydraulic  Machinery.  (For  general  theory  of  Hydraulics,  See  180, 
Hydrology.  Hydraulics.  Dams.  For  Water 
Wheels  and  Turbines,  See  181.26,  under 
Water  Power) 

Pumps  and  Pumping  Engines  (See  also  432,  Mine  Pumps) 

Hydraulic  Presses 


64 


253  Hydraulic  Rams 

Hydraulic  Lifts.  Elevators.  Cranes  (See  260) 

260  Machinery  for  Special  Purposes 

261  Hoisting  and  Conveying  Machinery 

.1  Cranes  and  Derricks 

.2  Cableways 

.3  Ccal  Handling 

.4  ' Ore  Handling 

262  Elevators 

263  Agricultural  Machinery 

264  Drying  Machinery 

270  Machine  Shops  and  Machine  Shop  Practice 

271  Machine  Shop  Management 

272  Machine  Tools 

.1  Planing  Machines 

.2  Grinding  and  Filing 

.3  Cutting  and  Sawing 

.4  Turning  and  Milling.  Lathes 

.5  Drills 

.6  Punching  and  Shearing 

.7  Bending.  Straightening.  Shaping 

280  Miscellaneous.  Types  of  Power 

281  Animal  Power 

282  Solar  Engines 

283  Wind  Power 

.1  Windmills 


300 


.01 

.02 

.03 


.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 


306 

308 


309 

310 

311 

312 


.3 

.4 

.5 


.7 


313 

314 

315 

316 

317 

318 

319 

320 

.1 

321 


.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.41 

.42 


.45 


ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERING 

General 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 
Contracts  and  Specifications 
Drawings 
Congresses 
Exhibitions 
Tests.  Laboratories 
Induction  Coil 
Economics 
Rates 
Valuation 
Contracting 

Electric  Utilities.  Reports  of  Companies 
Electric  Measurement 
Units  and  Standards 
Meters 

Ammeter 

Voltmeter 

Ohmmeter 

Watt-meter 

Coulometer 

Potentiometer 

Galvanometer 

Wheatstone  Bridge.  Slide-Wire  Bridge 
Other  Meters 

Current  Measurement 
Power  Measurement 
Resistance  Measurement 
Potential  Measurement 
Capacity  Measurement 
Inductance  Measurement 
Other  Measurements 

Dynamo=EIectric  Machinery.  Transformers.  Central  Stations 

Armature  and  Field  Windings 

Electric  Plants.  Central  Stations.  (For  Hydro-Electric  Plants,  See 
181,  under  Water  Power) 

Steam  Driven 
Gas  Driven 
Oil  Driven 

Operation  and  Management 
Maintenance 
Rates 
Finance 
Valuation 
Accounting 


65 


322 


.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 


323 


.11 

.12 

.13 

.2 

:21 

.211 

.212 

.22 

.221 

.222 

.3 


324 

325 

326 

327 


.2 

.3 

.4 

328 

.1 

330 

331 

332 

333 

338 

339 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

340 

341 


.2 

342 

.1 

.2 

.3 

343 

.1 

.2 

.3 


344 

345 

350 

351 

352 

353 

.1 

.2 

354 

357 

358 

359 

360 

361 

362 

363 


.2 

.3 


364 

365 


Direct  Currents  and  Machines 

Generators 

Motors 

Dynamotors 

Direct-Current  Boosters 

Alternating  Currents  and  Machines 

Synchronous  Machines 
Generators 
Motors 

Converters  (Rotary  Converters) 

Asynchronous  Machines.  Induction  Machines 
Induction  Generators 
Single-Phase 
Three-Phase 
Induction  Motors 
Single-Phase 
Polyphase 
Motor-Converters 

Alternating-Current  Commutator  Motors 
Series  Motors 
Repulsion  Motors 

Double=Current  Generators 
Motor  Generators 
Rectifying  Apparatus 
Stationary  Induction  Apparatus 

Transformers 

Auto-Transformers.  Compensators 
Potential  Regulators 
Reactors  or  Reactance  Coils 

Electrostatic  Apparatus 

Condensers 

Control  Devices.  Switches  and  Switch=bcards 
Switches 

Switch=boards.  Panels 
Controllers.  Rheostats 
Wireless  Control 
Protective  Devices 

Fuses 

Circuit  Breakers 
Reactances 
Lightning  Protection 

Transmission.  Distribution 
Systems.  Line  Phenomena 

Direct  Current 
Alternating  Current 

Transmission  Materials 
Wire 
Cables 
Insulators 
Overhead  Lines 

Design  of  Overhead  Lines.  Catenary.  Stresses.  Wind  Pressure 

Poles 

Towers 

Accessories.  Cross-Arms.  Pins 

Underground  Lines 
Electric  Wiring 
Telephone 

Line  Transmission 
Systems 
Instruments 
Transmitter 
Receiver 

Switch=boards  and  Other  Station  Equipment 
Wireless  Telephony 
Operation.  Rates 
Telephone  Companies.  Reports 
Telegraph 

Line  Transmission 
Instruments 
Systems.  Codes 
Morse 
Hughes 
Simplex 
Multiplex 

Printing  Telegraphy 
Picture  Telegraphy 


66 


366  Submarine  Cable  Telegraphy 

367  Wireless  Telegraphy 

368  Operation.  Rates 

369  Companies.  Reports 

370  Electric  Lighting 

371  Illumination 

.1  Interior 

.2  Exterior.  Streets,  Parks,  etc. 

372  Electric  Lamps 

.1  Arc  Lamps 

.11  Carbon 

.12  Mineralized 

.13  Vapor 

.2  Incandescent  Filament  Lamps 

.21  Carbon  and  Carbon  Metallized 

.22  Metal 

.23  Other 

373  Electric  Light  Plants  for  Country  Houses,  etc. 

374  Special  Uses  of  Electric  Light 

.1  Searchlights 

.2  Signs 

380  Chemical  Electricity.  Batteries 

381  Primary  Cells 

382  Storage  Batteries.  Accumulators 

383  Lead  Accumulators 

390  Other  Uses  of  Electricity 

391  Industrial 

.1  Electric  Drive 

Elevators,  Cranes  (See  260,  under  Mechanical  Engineering) 

392  Domestic 

393  Therapeutic 

394  Agricultural 

Mining  (See  470,  under  Mining  Engineering) 


400  MINING  ENGINEERING 

General 

.01  History 

.02  Laws  and  Legislation 

.03  Statistics 

.04  Costs  and  Estimates 

.05  Contracts  and  Specifications 

.06  Drawings 

.07  Congresses 

.08  Exhibitions 

.09  Tests.  Laboratories 

408  Economics.  Mine  Accounting 

409  Organization  and  Administration 

.1  Mine  Labor 

.2  Reports  of  Mine  Departments  and  Inspectors 

410  Prospecting.  Mine  Surveying 

411  Prospecting 

.1  Divining  Rod 

412  Mine  Surveying 

413  Mine  Models 

414  Sampling 

415  Valuation 

416  Prospectuses 

420  Excavation  and  Working 

421  Open  Working 

.1  Placer  Mining 

.11  Working  with  Pan 

.12  Sluicing 

.13  Hydraulic  Mining 

.14  Dredging 

422  Drilling.  Blasting 

.1  Explosives 

423  Quarrying 

424  Boring 

425  Shaft  Sinking 

.1  Shaft  Lining 

426  Tunneling  and  Drifting 

427  Stoping 

428  Timbering  and  Mine  Supports.  Masonry  Lining 

430  Drainage  and  Sanitation 

431  Mine  Waters 


432 

433 

434 

440 

441 

442 

443 

.1 

.2 

444 

445 

450 

451 

460 

461 

462 

470 

480 

481 

.1 

482 

483 

484 

490 

491 

492 

493 

494 

495 

496 

497 

498 

499 

500 

.01 

.02 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.09 

501 

502 

503 

.1 

.2 

.21 

.3 

.4 

504 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

505 

506 

508 

509 

510 

.1 

.2 

51 1 

513 

.1 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.6 


Mine  Pumps 
Mine  Dams 
Sanitation 

Transportation.  Haulage  and  Hoisting 
Underground  Haulage 
Mine  Locomotives 
Hoisting 

Hoisting  Engines 
Cages.  Skips.  Buckets 

Surface  Transportation 

Storage  (See  also  117.52,  Coal  Storage  Plants,  under  Building 
Construction) 

Ventilation 

Mine  Gases.  Fire=damp. 

Lighting.  Signaling 
Safety  Lamps 
Signals  and  Signaling 
Electricity  in  Mining 

Accidents.  Safety  Measures  and  First  Aid 
Explosives 

Dust  Explosions 
Mine  Fires 
Safety  Regulations 
Mine  Rescue  Work.  First  Aid 
Mining  of  Special  Kinds  of  Ore 
Coal  Mining 
Copper  Mining 
Gold  and  Silver  Mining 
Iron  Mining 
Lead  Mining 
Petroleum  Mining 
Tin  Mining 
Zinc  Mining 

Miscellaneous  (Arranged  Alphabetically  by  Metal,  e.  ().,  Antimony, 
Cadmium,  Cobalt,  etc.) 


METALLURGY 

General 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 
Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

Physics  and  Chemistry  of  Metals.  Metallography 
Alloys 

Ore  Dressing.  Milling  of  Ore  (See  also  under  each  Metal) 
Crushing,  Grinding  etc. 

Concentration.  Sizing.  Sorting 
Flotation 
Amalgamation 
Cyanide  Process 
Pyro=metallurgy  (General) 

Fuel  (See  also  222.2,  Fuel,  under  Mechanical  Engineering) 

Refractory  Materials 

Furnaces 

Gases 

Smelting 

Hydrometallurgy  (General) 

Electrometallurgy  (General) 

Economics.  Trade 
Reports 
Iron  and  Steel 

Physics  and  Chemistry.  Metallography 
Alloys 

Ore  Dressing 
Pyrometallurgy 

Pig  Iron  Manufacture 
Cementation  Process 
Crucible  Process 
Bessemer  Process 
Open-Hearth  Process 


68 


514  Electrometallurgy 

515  Foundries  and  Foundry  Practice 

516  Mechanical  Treatment  of  Iron  and  Steel 

.1  Forging 

.2  Rolling  Mills 

517  Heat  Treatment  of  Iron  and  Steel 

.1  Improper  Heating  of  Steel 

.11  Welding 

.2  Hardening 

.21  Case  Hardening 

518  Economics.  Iron  and  Steel  Trade 

519  Descriptions  and  Reports  of  Iron  and  Steel  Works 

520  Gold  and  Silver 

.1  Physics  and  Chemistry 

.2  Alloys 

521  Ore  Dressing.  Milling  of  Ore 

.1  Crushing.  Grinding 

.2  Flotation 

.3  Concentration.  Sizing.  Sorting 

.4  Amalgamation 

.5  Cyanide  Process 

522  Roasting 

523  Hydro=metallurgy 

524  Electrometallurgy 

528  Economics.  Trade 

529  Reports 

530  Copper 

.1  Physics  and  Chemistry.  Metallography 

.2  Alloys 

531  Ore  Dressing 

.1  Crushing.  Grinding 

.2  Flotation 

.3  Concentration.  Sizing.  Sorting 

.4  Amalgamation 

.5  Cyanide  Process 

532  Pyrometallurgy 

.1  Roasting 

.2  Smelting 

.3  Bessemer  Process 

532  Hydro=metallurgy 

533  EIectro=metallurgy 

538  Economics.  Copper  Trade 

539  Reports 

540  Lead 

550  Tin 

560  Zinc 

580  Other  Metals  (Arranged  Alphabetically) 

590  Assaying 


600  GAS  ENGINEERING 

General 

.01  History 

.02  Laws  and  Legislation 

.03  Statistics 

.04  Costs  and  Estimates 

.05  Contracts  and  Specifications 

.06  Drawings 

.07  Congresses 

.08  Exhibitions 

.09  Tests.  Laboratories 

610  Natural  Gas 

611  Fields 

612  Production 

.1  Wells 

613  Transmission 

.1  Pumping  Plants 

.2  Pipe  Lines  (For  Local  Distribution,  See  650) 

620  Materials  for  Gas  Manufacture 

630  Manufacture  and  Works 

631  Coal  Gas 

.1  Purification 

632  Water  Gas 

.1  Purification 

633  Producer  Gas 

634  Coke  Oven  Gas 


69 


635 

636 

637 

639 

640 

641 

642 

643 

650 

651 

652 

653 

654 

655 

.1 

.2 

656 

657 

.1 

.2 

.3 

660 

661 

.1 

.11 

.12 

.2 

.21 

.22 

662 

670 

671 

672 

673 

674 

675 

676 

677 

679 

680 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

Oil  Gas 

Acetylene 

Air  Gas 

Other  Processes 

Storage 

Station  Meters 

Holders 

Analysis  and  Testing 

Distribution 

Station  Governors 

Pressure  Instruments  and  Apparatus 

Pumping  Plants 

Flow  in  Pipes 

Street  Mains 

Valves 

Subways 

Service  Pipes 

Interior  Piping  and  Fittings 

Regulators 

Consumers’  Meters 

Piping 

Utilization 

Gas  Lighting 

Illumination 

Interior 

Exterior.  Streets.  Parks,  etc. 

Gas  Lamps 

Burners 

Incandescent  Fixtures 

Gas  Heating 

By  Products 

Coke 

Tar 

Ammonia 

Sulphur 

Cyanogen 

Naphthalene 

Benzol 

Other  Products 

Management 

Maintenance 

Rates 

Finance 

Valuation 

Accounting 

700 

CHEMICAL  TECHNOLOGY  AND  MANUFACTURES 

General 

.01 

.02 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.09 

710 

711 

.1 

.2 

.21 

.211 

.22 

.3 

.4 

History 

Laws  and  Legislation 

Statistics 

Costs  and  Estimates 

Contracts  and  Specifications 

Drawings 

Congresses 

Exhibitions 

Tests.  Laboratories 

Chemicals.  Dyes.  Paints  and  Varnishes 

Chemicals 

Chemical  Elements 

Acids 

Nitric  Acid 

Utilization  of  Atmospheric  Nitrogen 

Sulphuric  Acid 

Alkalies 

Salts  (For  Common  Table  Salt,  See  785,  Salt,  under  Foods  and 
Beverages) 

712 

713 

714 

.1 

.2 

715 

Paint,  Varnish,  etc. 

Dyes.  Colors.  Inks 

Distillation  Products 

Wood  Distillation 

Coal  Distillation  (See  Gas  Engineering) 

Explosives.  Matches  ( Sec  also  831,  Explosives,  under  Military  and 

Naval  Science) 

716 

Starch,  Glucose,  Gluten,  etc. 

70 


717  Photographers’  Supplies 

719  Miscellaneous  Organic  Chemical  Industries 

.1  Vegetable  and  Animal  Oils 

.2  Soap,  Perfumery,  etc. 

.3  Glycerine 

.4  Candles 

.5  Waxes 

.6  Gums  and  Resins 

.7  Glue  and.  Gelatine 

.8  Fertilizers 

720  Ceramics.  Stone,  Clay,  and  Glass.  Other  Non=MetalIic  Mineral  Products. 

721  Ceramics 

.1  Pottery 

.2  Stoneware.  China 

.3  Sanitary  Ware 

.4  Electrical  Porcelain 

.5  Brick 

.6  Terra  Cotta 

.9  Other  Clay  Products 

722  Glass  Manufacture 

723  Cement,  Lime,  and  Gypsum 

724  Stone  Products.  Artificial  Stone 

725  Abrasives 

726  Asphalt  and  Other  Bitumens 

727  Petroleum 

.1  Lubricants  ( See  also  204,  Lubrication,  under  Mechanical  En- 

gineering) 

729  Miscellaneous  Non=Metallic  Mineral  Products 

.1  Asbestos 

730  Metal  Manufactures.  Machinery.  Conveyances 

731  Gold  and  Silver  Ware.  Jewelry 

732  Iron  and  Steel  Articles  (Not  Classified  Elsewhere) 

733  Wire  Making 

734  Hardware,  Cutlery,  and  Tools 

735  Implements.  Instruments  (Not  Classified  Elsewhere) 

.1  Typewriters 

.2  Cash  Registers 

.3  Scales 

.4  Meters 

.5  Watches  and  Clocks 

736  Machinery.  (Not  Classified  Elsewhere) 

737  Locksmithing.  Gunsmithing 

738  Vehicles.  Conveyances 

.1  Carriages,  Wagons,  and  Sleighs 

Automobiles  and  Motor  Trucks  ( See  230) 

.2  Bicycles 

Manufactures  of  Miscellaneous  Metals  (Arranged  Alphabetically, 

e.  g.,  Aluminum,  Bronze, 
Copper,  Tin,  etc.) 

740  Lumbering.  Wood  Manufactures 

741  Logging.  Lumbering 

742  Wood  Working.  Saw  Mills 

743  Furniture 

.1  House  Furniture 

.2  Office  Furniture 

.3  Pianos  and  Musical  Instruments 

.4  Mirrors 

744  Cooperage 

745  Box  Making 

746  Caskets.  Undertakers’  Supplies 

747  Pulp  and  Fiber  Goods 

.1  Mats.  Baskets 

.2  Brooms 

.3  Brushes 

748  Cork  Industries 

749  . Miscellaneous  Wooden  Articles 

750  Paper  Making 

760  Textiles 

.1  Design 

.2  Processes 

.21  Spinning 

.22  Weaving 

.23  Dyeing  and  Finishing 

.3  Machinery 

761  Cotton  Manufactures 

762  Woolen  Manufactures 


71 


763  Silk  Manufactures 

764  Flax,  Hemp,  and  Jute 

765  Dry  Goods 

766  Carpets  and  Rugs 

767  Felt 

768  Cordage  and  Twine 

769  Oil  Cloth.  Window  Shades 

770  Leather  Manufactures.  Tanning 

771  Boots  and  Shoes 

772  Harnesses.  Saddlery 

773  Trunks.  Traveling  Goods 

774  Fur 

779  Miscellaneous  Leather  Goods 

780  Foods  and  Beverages 

781  Flour,  Feed,  and  Other  Cereal  Products 

782  Sugar  and  Molasses 

783  Canning  Industries 

784  Chocolate  and  Cocoa 

785  Salt 

786  Groceries  (Not  Otherwise  Classified) 

787  Slaughtering.  Meat  Packing 

788  Dairy  Products 

.1  Milk  and  Cream 

.2  Butter 

.3  Cheese 

.4  Ice  Cream 

.5  Casein 

789  Wines  and  Liquors 

.1  Brewing  and  Malting.  Beer 

.2  Wine  Making 

.3  Distilled  Liquors 

790  Miscellaneous  Industries  (Arranged  Alphabetically,  e.  g.,  Celluloid 

Products,  Laundering,  Rubber,  Tobacco) 

800  MILITARY  AND  NAVAL  SCIENCE 

General 

.01  History 

.02  Laws 

.03  Statistics 

.04  Costs  and  Estimates 

.05  Contracts  and  Specifications 

.06  Drawings 

.07  Congresses 

.09  Tests.  Laboratories 

810  Military  Science,  General  Works 

811  Strategy  and  Tactics 

812  Army  Organization  and  Administration 

820  Fortifications 

830  Ordnance  (Military  and  Naval) 

831  Explosives 

832  Military  Ordnance 

833  Naval  Ordnance 

840  Naval  Architecture.  Shipbuilding. 

.1  Buoyancy  and  Displacement 

.2  Resistance 

.3  Stability 

.4  Strength  of  Ships 

.5  Structural  Details 

.51  Water-tight  Compartments 

.6  Ventilation  and  Heating 

.8  Measurement  of  Ships 

.9  Miscellaneous  Equipment  of  Ships 

.91  Steering  Apparatus 

.92  Distillation  of  Salt  Water 

841  Materials 

842  Ship  Propulsion.  Propellers 

.1  Steam 

.2  Electric 

843  Special  Types  of  Vessels  {See  also  870,  War  Vessels,  under  Naval 

Science) 

.1  Ocean  Liners 

.2  River  and  Lake  Boats 

.3  Vessels  for  Freight  only 

.31  Oil  Steamers.  Tank  Ships 

.32  Colliers 

.33  Ore  Ships 


72 


843 

.4 


.8 

.9 

850 

851 
860 
861 
862 


863 

864 

.1 

.2 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.51 

.511 

.512 

.513 

.514 

.52 

.53 

.54 

.55 

.6 

865 

.1 

.2 

866 


.3 

.4 

.5 

.9 

870 

871 

872 

873 

874 

875 

876 
880 

890 

891 

892 

893 


894 

895 

896 


Special  Types  of  Vessels  ( Continued ) 

Canal  Boats.  Barges 
Tugboats 

Motor  Boats  and  Launches 
Yachts.  Pleasure  Boats 
Survey  Boats 
Other  Types 

Yards 

Dry  Docks 

Navigation.  Shipping 
Nautical  Astronomy 
Nautical  Instruments 

Compass 

Magnetism  of  Ships  aud  Compass  Variation 

Seamanship 
Aids  to  Navigation 

Tide  Tables 
Charts 

Sailing  Directions 
Steam  Lanes 

Signals  and  other  Maritime  Regulations.  Prevention  of  Collisions 
Signals 

Lighthouses 
Light  Ships 
Buoys 
Fog  Horns 
Marking  of  Ships 
Flags  and  Pennants 
Steering  and  Sailing  Rules 
Loading  Rules 
Pilotage  and  Pilots 
Shipwrecks.  Accidents 
Life  Saving 
Salvage 

Shipping.  Merchant  Marine 

Directories,  Blue  Books,  etc. 

Companies 

Rates 

Tolls 

Accounts 

Inspection 

Naval  Science.  War  Vessels 
Battle  Ships  and  Cruisers 
Torpedo  Boats 
Torpedoes 
Submarines 
Armor  Plate 
Armament 

Naval  Strategy  and  Tactics 
Naval  Organization  and  Administration 
Registers. 

Navy  Customs.  Rank  of  Officers 
Personnel 

Naval  Militia 
Marines 

Education 

Maintenance  ahd  Supplies 
Hygiene 


900  OTHER  SUBJECTS 

Note : For  subdivisions,  use  Dewey  Classification. 

910  Philosophy 

920  Religion 

930  Sociology 

940  Philology 

950  Natural  Science 

960  Useful  Arts  (Other  than  Engineering  and  Manufactures) 

970  Fine  Arts 

980  Literature 

990  History 


APPENDIX  C 


AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION,  AMERICAN  SOCIETY  OF  CIVIL 
ENGINEERS,  ADOPTED,  1891-193  7. 

Oct.  3,  1894  Art.  II,  1 


( Proceedings , Sec.  1,  2. 

Vol.  XX,  Art.  Ill, 

p.  176.)  Sec.  6,  7.  ! 

Art.  IV, 

Sec.  1,  2,  1 

3,  7.  J 

! Abolishes  Grade  of  “Subscribers.”  Yes,  194 

No,  5 

Art.  II, 

Sec.  8. 

Corporate  Members  may  become  Fellows.  Yes,  196 
Previous  to  this  time  the  grade  of  Fellows  No,  3 

was  limited  to  “contributors  to  the  perma- 
nent funds  of  the  Society  who  may  not  be 
eligible  for  admission  as  Corporate  Mem- 
bers.” 

Art.  Ill, 

Sec.  1. 

Honorary  Members  “shall  be  elected  only  by  Yes,  196 
the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Board  of  Direc-  No,  5 

tion”  instead  of  “by  a unanimous  vote  of 
the  Board  of  Direction  and  such  Past- 
Presidents  of  the  Society  as  continue  to  be 
members  of  the  Society”,  etc.,  the  Past- 
Presidents  having  become  members  of  the 

Board  of  Direction  on  the  adoption  of  the 

Constitution. 

Art.  Ill, 

Sec.  2. 

Applicants  for  membership  must  be  en-  Yes,  193 
dorsed  by  written  communications  from  five  No,  7 

Corporate  Members  before  applications  can 
be  considered  by  the  Board  of  Direction. 

Art.  VI, 

Sec.  4. 

This  Amendment  provided  that  the  Secre-  Yes,  191 
tary  be  a Corporate  Member  of  the  Society  No,  6 

and  be  elected  annually  by  the  majority  of 
the  whole  Board  of  Direction  within  twenty 
days  after  the  Annual  Meeting. 

Mar.  3,  1895  Art.  Ill, 

( Proceedings , Sec.  3. 

Vol.  XXI, 
p.  85.) 

This  Amendment  required  the  Preliminary  Yes,  265 
List  of  applicants  to  contain  the  names  of  No,  14 

“references”  for  Corporate  Members  and 
“endorsers”  for  Associates,  Juniors,  and 

Fellows,  in  order  to  make  the  meaning  in 

Section  2 of  this  Article  clearer. 

Art.  Ill, 

Sec.  5. 

This  Amendment  required  that  ballots  on  Yes,  224 
reconsideration  of  rejected  applications  for  No,  61 

membership  must  be  signed  by  the  voters. 

Art.  VII. 

The  territory  occupied  by  the  Membership  Yes,  273 
was  divided  into  Seven  Geographical  Dis-  No,  12 

tricts,  thus  dividing  the  non-resident  mem- 
bers of  the  Board  of  Direction  equally 
among  the  six  non-resident  Districts.  This 
amendment  increased  the  elective  members 
of  the  Nominating  Committee  from  seven  to 
fourteen,  who,  with  the  five  living  Past- 
Presidents,  should  nominate  officers  for  the 

Society ; made  the  term  of  each  member 
two  years  ; and  empowered  the  Board  of 

Direction  to  prescribe  the  mode  of  pro- 
cedure in  the  election  of  members  of  the 

Nominating  Committee. 

Art.  VI, 

Sec.  5. 

This  Amendment  provided  for  the  appoint-  Yes,  273 
ment  of  an  Assistant  Secretary  by  the  No,  7 

Board  of  Direction. 

74 


Oct.  6,  1897 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXIII, 
p.  164.) 


Oct.  5,  1898 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXIV, 
pp.  121,  167.) 


Oct.  3,  1900 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXVI, 

p.  216.) 


Mar.  4,  1903 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXIX, 
pp.  36,  100.) 

Oct.  7,  1903 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXIX, 
pp.  195,  374.) 


Oct.  7,  1908 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXXIV, 
p.  408.) 


Mar.  1,  1911 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXXVII, 
p.  164.) 


Art.  V, 
Sec.  1. 


Art.  VI. 


Art  VII, 
Sec.  2. 


Art.  Ill, 
Sec.  2,  3. 


Art.  II, 

Sec.  6,  7,  8. 


Art.  III. 


Art.  Ill, 
Sec.  1,  3,  4. 


Art.  VI, 
Sec.  12. 


Art.  VII, 
Sec.  2. 


Art.  IV, 


This  Amendment  provided  that  only  the  “five 
latest  living  Past-Presidents  who  continue 
to  be  members”  shall  be  members  of  the 
Board  of  Direction,  instead  of  “all  the  liv- 
ing Past-Presidents”,  as  previously  pro- 
vided. In  the  case  of  the  election  of 
Honorary  Members,  however,  all  the  Past- 
Presidents  shall  be  members  of  the  Board 
of  Direction. 

The  office  of  Auditor  was  abolished  and  his 
duties  were  transferred  to  the  Secretary  ; 
provision  was  made  for  auditing  the  ac- 
counts of  the  Society  monthly,  and  the 
duties  of  the  Finance  Committee  were 
widened,  in  order  that  the  immediate  su- 
pervision of  the  financial  affairs  of  the 
Society  might  be  put  into  the  hands  of  such 
Committee. 

The  time  of  appointing  the  Nominating 
Committee  was  changed  from  the  Annual 
Convention  to  the  Annual  Meeting,  and  the 
time  was  fixed  for  the  meeting  of  such 
Committee  and  its  presentation  to  the 
Board  of  Direction  of  the  nominations  for 
officers  to  be  elected  at  the  next  Annual 
Meeting. 

This  Amendment  provided  that  hereafter  the 
Board  of  Direction  shall  classify  the 
applicant  with  his  consent. 


By  this  Amendment  provision  was  made  for 
the  omission  of  the  clause,  in  the  case  of 
application  for  Junior  membership,  stat- 
ing that  the  applicant  intends  to  become 
or  continue  to  be  an  engineer. 

By  this  Amendment  all  applications  are  to  be 
sent  out  as  applications  for  “admission” 
to  the  Society  without  classification  into 
grades  ; power  is  given  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tion to  transfer  persons  from  a lower  to  a 
higher  grade  ; the  number  of  negative  votes 
for  exclusion  is  raised  from  seven  to 
twenty ; and  the  reconsideration  ballot 
(pink  ballot)  is  abolished. 

The  election  and  transfer  of  applicants  in 
any  grade  is  taken  from  the  membership  at 
large  and  given  to  the  Board  of  Direction, 
the  consequent  changes  in  method  of  elec- 
tion are  fixed,  and  the  number  of  negative 
votes  for  exclusion  is  changed  from  “20 
or  more”  to  “3  or  more”. 

This  Amendment  confers  on  the  Board  of 
Direction  the  power  of  appointing  a 
Special  Committee  when  such  appointment 
is  approved  by  a business  meeting  of  the 
Society  ; and,  if  it  is  necessary,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  Board,  that  such  Committee  he 
appointed  in  order  to  accomplish  the  ob- 
jects for  which  its  appointment  is  re- 
quested. 

Power  is  given  the  Board  of  Direction  to 
fill  any  vacancies  occurring  in  the  Nom- 
inating Committee. 

A new  Section  (13)  is  added  to  Article  IV 
by  this  Amendment,  which  provides  for  ex- 
emption from  dues  of  Corporate  Members 
and  Associates  who  have  reached  the  age  of 
seventy  years,  and  have  paid  dues  as  such 
for  twenty-five  years,  and  also  of  Corpo- 
rate Members  and  Associates  who  have 
paid  dues  as  such  for  thirty-five  years. 


Yes,  427 
No,  47 


Yes,  210 
No,  1 


Yes,  193 
No,  53 


Yes,  401 
No,  26 


Yes,  537 
' No,  49 


Yes,  892 
No,  317 


Yes,  1123 
No,  58 


Yes,  2229 
No,  39 


75 


Oct.  2,  1912 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXXVIII, 
p.  550.) 

Art.  VII, 

By  this  Amendment  the  number  constituting 
a quorum  at  a meeting  of  the  Nominating 
Committee  is  fixed  at  ten  ; the  time  of 
meeting  of  the  Nominating  Committee  is 
fixed  to  take  place  either  at  the  Annual 
Convention  or  not  later  than  July  15  ; 
provision  is  made  for  the  organization  of 
the  Nominating  Committee  ; “Official 
Nominees”  and  “Nomination  by  Declara- 
tion” are  established ; nomination  by  the 
Board  of  Direction  is  provided  for,  in  case 
the  Nominating  Committee  fails  to  act ; 
and  the  time  of  closing  the  polls  at  the 
Annual  Election  is  changed  from  noon  to 

9 A.  M. 

Mar.  3,  1915 
( Proceedings , 

Vol.  XLI, 
p.  150.) 

Art.  VII, 
Sec.  1. 

The  territory  occupied  by  the  membership ) 
is  divided  into  Thirteen  Districts  instead  1 
of  seven,  as  heretofore. 

Art.  VII, 
Sec.  2. 

This  Amendment  provides  for  the  method  of 
electing  the  Nominating  Committee  from  1 
thirteen  districts  instead  of  seven.  J 

AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION,  AM.  SOC.  C.  E. 
REJECTED,  1891-1917. 

Mar.  6,  1901 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXVII, 
pp.  38,  82.) 

Art.  II, 

Sec.  5. 

It  was  proposed  by  this  Amendment  to  add 
a clause  to  Section  5,  Article  II  in  order 
to  allow  the  Board  of  Direction  to  transfer 
any  Junior  elected  prior  to  the  adoption 
of  the  Constitution  in  1891  to  the  grade 
of  Associate. 

Mar.  5,  1902 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  xxviii, 
pp.  35,  98.) 

Art.  Ill, 

This  Amendment,  if  adopted,  would  have 
placed  the  election  of  all  members  in  the 
hands  of  the  Board  of  Direction. 

Mar.  6,1907 
( Proceedings , 
Vol.  XXXIII, 
pp.  71,  152.) 

Art.  II. 

It  was  proposed  by  this  Amendment  to  raise 
the  standard  of  membership  in  the  Society 
by  raising  the  qualifications  for  admission 
to  the  various  grades. 

Art.  Ill, 
Sec.  2. 

This  Amendment  related  to  applications  of 
engineers  not  resident  in  North  America 
and  provided  that  the  applicant  must  pos- 
sess the  necessary  qualifications  for  mem- 
bership before  he  is  recommended  for  elec- 
tion to  the  Society. 

Mar.  3,  1909 
(Proceedings, 
Vol.  XXXV, 

p.  160.) 

Art.  Ill, 
Sec.  4. 

This  Amendment  provided  that  negative 
votes  equal  to  1%,  or  the  whole  number 
nearest  to  1%,  of  the  total  Corporate  Mem- 
bership at  the  time  of  voting  shall  exclude 
from  membership.  This  Amendment  was 
nullified  by  the  Amendment  adopted  on 
Oct.  7th,  1908,  and  was,  therefore,  de- 
feated. 

Mar.  4,  1914 
(Proceedings, 
Vol.  XL, 
p.  176.) 

Art.  VII, 
Sec.  1,  2. 

(A)  By  this  Amendment,  it  was  proposed 
to  divide  the  territory  occupied  by  the 
membership  into  Thirteen  Districts ; it 
also  provided  for  the  procedure  in  appoint- 
ing the  Nominating  Committee  from  such 
Districts  at  the  Annual  Meeting. 

Art.  VII, 

(B)  This  Amendment  also  provided  for 
dividing  the  territory  occupied  by  the  mem- 
bership into  Thirteen  Districts  and  the 
method  of  procedure  of  electing  the  Nomi- 
nating Committee  by  ballot  to  be  counted 
by  the  Board  of  Direction  and  announced 
to  the  Annual  Meeting. 

Yes,  680 
No,  31 


Ye?,  1066 
No,  83 


Yes,  282 
No,  166 


Yes,  343 
No,  257 


Yes,  429 
No,  847 


Yes,  247 
No,  762 


Yes,  1494 
No,  1628 


Yes,  1550 
No,  1612 


Art.  V, 
Sec.  1,  2. 


Art.  VI, 
Sec.  4,  6. 


76 


(C)  By  this  Amendment,  it  was  proposed  to' 
change  the  status  of  the  Secretary  by  re- 
moving him  as  a member  of  the  Board  of 
Direction.  It  also  defined  the  terms  of 
officers  elected  by  the  Society. 

The  changes  proposed  in  this  Amendment  re- 
late to  the  method  of  electing  the  Secretary 
by  the  Board  of  Direction  and  would  have 
given  the  Board  of  Direction  power  to  de- 
termine the  salaries  to  be  paid  to  the 
Secretary  and  Treasurer.  J 


Yes,  1343 
No,  1828 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


3 0112  107731587 


